Orabi Jihad, Backes Gunter, Wolday Asmelash, Yahyaoui Amor, Jahoor Ahmed
Department of Agricultural Sciences, The University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Life Sciences, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Theor Appl Genet. 2007 Apr;114(6):1117-27. doi: 10.1007/s00122-007-0505-5. Epub 2007 Feb 6.
According to a widely accepted theory on barley domestication, wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum) from the Fertile Crescent is the progenitor of all cultivated barley (H. vulgare ssp. vulgare). To determine whether barley has undergone one or more domestication events, barley accessions from three continents have been studied (a) using 38 nuclear SSR (nuSSRs) markers, (b) using five chloroplast SSR (cpSSR) markers yielding 5 polymorphic loci and (c) by detecting the differences in a 468 bp fragment from the non-coding region of chloroplast DNA. A clear separation was found between Eritrean/Ethiopian barley and barley from West Asia and North Africa (WANA) as well as from Europe. The data from chloroplast DNA clearly indicate that the wild barley (H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum) as it is found today in the "Fertile Crescent" might not be the progenitor of the barley cultivated in Eritrea (and Ethiopia). Consequently, an independent domestication might have taken place at the Horn of Africa.
根据一个被广泛接受的关于大麦驯化的理论，来自新月沃地的野生大麦（Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum）是所有栽培大麦（H. vulgare ssp. vulgare）的祖先。为了确定大麦是否经历了一次或多次驯化事件，研究人员对来自三大洲的大麦种质进行了研究：（a）使用38个核SSR（nuSSR）标记；（b）使用5个叶绿体SSR（cpSSR）标记，产生5个多态性位点；（c）通过检测叶绿体DNA非编码区一个468 bp片段的差异。结果发现，厄立特里亚/埃塞俄比亚大麦与来自西亚和北非（WANA）以及欧洲的大麦之间有明显的区分。叶绿体DNA数据清楚地表明，如今在“新月沃地”发现的野生大麦（H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum）可能不是厄立特里亚（和埃塞俄比亚）种植的大麦的祖先。因此，在非洲之角可能发生了独立的驯化。
