Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Melkassa Agricultural Research Center, Melkassa, Ethiopia.
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), National Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Holetta, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2022 May 27;17(5):e0260422. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260422. eCollection 2022.
Ethiopia is recognized as a center of diversity for barley, and its landraces are known for the distinct genetic features compared to other barley collections. The genetic diversity of Ethiopian barley likely results from the highly diverse topography, altitude, climate conditions, soil types, and farming systems. To get detailed information on the genetic diversity a panel of 260 accessions, comprising 239 landraces and 21 barley breeding lines, obtained from the Ethiopian biodiversity institute (EBI) and the national barley improvement program, respectively were studied for their genetic diversity using the 50k iSelect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A total of 983 highly informative SNP markers were used for structure and diversity analysis. Three genetically distinct clusters were obtained from the structure analysis comprising 80, 71, and 109 accessions, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed the presence of higher genetic variation (89%) within the clusters than between the clusters (11%), with moderate genetic differentiation (PhiPT = 0.11) and five accessions were detected as first-generation migrants using Monte Carlo resampling methods. The Mantel test revealed that the genetic distance between accessions is poorly associated with their geographical distance. Despite the observed weak correlation between geographic distance and genetic differentiation, for some regions like Gonder, Jimma, Gamo-Gofa, Shewa, and Welo, more than 50% of the landraces derived from these regions are assigned to one of the three clusters.
埃塞俄比亚被公认为是大麦的多样性中心，其地方品种与其他大麦群体相比具有独特的遗传特征。埃塞俄比亚大麦的遗传多样性可能是由于其多样的地形、海拔、气候条件、土壤类型和耕作制度造成的。为了详细了解遗传多样性，对来自埃塞俄比亚生物多样性研究所（EBI）和国家大麦改良计划的 260 个品系（包括 239 个地方品种和 21 个大麦育种群）进行了研究，使用 50k iSelect 单核苷酸多态性（SNP）阵列对其遗传多样性进行了分析。共使用了 983 个高度信息性的 SNP 标记进行结构和多样性分析。结构分析得到了三个遗传上截然不同的聚类，分别包含 80、71 和 109 个品系。基于 AMOVA 的分析表明，聚类内的遗传变异（89%）高于聚类间（11%），遗传分化程度适中（PhiPT=0.11），并用蒙特卡罗重采样方法检测到 5 个品系为第一代移民。Mantel 检验表明，品系之间的遗传距离与它们的地理距离相关性较差。尽管观察到地理距离与遗传分化之间的相关性较弱，但对于某些地区，如贡德尔、吉姆马、Gamo-Gofa、谢瓦和沃洛，这些地区的 50%以上的地方品种被分配到三个聚类中的一个。
