Mills Jane, Francis Karen, Bonner Ann
School of Nursing and Midwifery-Gippsland Campus, Monash University, Northways Road, Churchill, Vic. 3842, Australia.
Int J Nurs Stud. 2008 Apr;45(4):599-607. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.12.003. Epub 2007 Feb 5.
Mentoring is often proposed as a solution to the problem of successfully recruiting and retaining nursing staff. The aim of this constructivist grounded theory study was to explore Australian rural nurses' experiences of mentoring.
The research design used was reflexive in nature resulting in a substantive, constructivist grounded theory study.
A national advertising campaign and snowball sampling were used to recruit nine participants from across Australia. Participants were rural nurses who had experience in mentoring others.
Standard grounded theory methods of theoretical sampling, concurrent data collection and analysis using open, axial and theoretical coding and a story line technique to develop the core category and category saturation were used. To cultivate the reflexivity required of a constructivist study, we also incorporated reflective memoing, situational analysis mapping techniques and frame analysis. Data was generated through eleven interviews, email dialogue and shared situational mapping.
Cultivating and growing new or novice rural nurses using supportive relationships such as mentoring was found to be an existing, integral part of experienced rural nurses' practice, motivated by living and working in the same communities. Getting to know a stranger is the first part of the process of cultivating and growing another. New or novice rural nurses gain the attention of experienced rural nurses through showing potential or experiencing a critical incidence.
The problem of retaining nurses is a global issue. Experienced nurses engaged in clinical practice have the potential to cultivate and grow new or novice nurses-many already do so. Recognising this role and providing opportunities for development will help grow a positive, supportive work environment that nurtures the experienced nurses of tomorrow.
指导通常被视为解决成功招聘和留住护理人员问题的一种方法。这项建构主义扎根理论研究的目的是探索澳大利亚乡村护士的指导经历。
所采用的研究设计本质上是反思性的，从而形成了一项实质性的、建构主义扎根理论研究。
通过全国性广告活动和滚雪球抽样，从澳大利亚各地招募了9名参与者。参与者均为有指导他人经验的乡村护士。
采用理论抽样、同步数据收集与分析的标准扎根理论方法，运用开放式、轴心式和理论式编码以及故事情节技术来发展核心类别并实现类别饱和。为培养建构主义研究所要求的反思性，我们还纳入了反思性记录、情境分析映射技术和框架分析。数据通过11次访谈、电子邮件对话和共享情境映射生成。
研究发现，通过指导等支持性关系培养和培养新的或新手乡村护士，是经验丰富的乡村护士实践中现有的、不可或缺的一部分，其动机源于在同一社区生活和工作。了解一个陌生人是培养和培养另一个人的过程的第一步。新的或新手乡村护士通过展现潜力或经历关键事件来吸引经验丰富的乡村护士的注意。
留住护士的问题是一个全球性问题。从事临床实践的经验丰富的护士有潜力培养和培养新的或新手护士——许多人已经在这样做了。认识到这一角色并提供发展机会，将有助于营造一个积极、支持性的工作环境，培养未来的经验丰富的护士。
