Radford Alan D, Coyne Karen P, Dawson Susan, Porter Carol J, Gaskell Rosalind M
University of Liverpool Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Leahurst, Chester High Road, Neston, S. Wirral, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom.
Vet Res. 2007 Mar-Apr;38(2):319-35. doi: 10.1051/vetres:2006056. Epub 2007 Feb 13.
Feline calicivirus (FCV) is an important and highly prevalent pathogen of cats. It belongs to the family Caliciviridae which includes other significant pathogens of man and animals. As an RNA virus, high polymerase error rates convey upon FCV a high genome plasticity, and allow the virus to respond rapidly to environmental selection pressures. This makes the virus very adaptable and has important implications for clinical disease and its control. Being genetically diverse, FCV is associated with a range of clinical syndromes from inapparent infections to relatively mild oral and upper respiratory tract disease with or without acute lameness. More recently, highly virulent forms of the virus have emerged associated with a systemic infection that is frequently fatal. A proportion of FCV infected cats that recover from acute disease, remain persistently infected. In such cats, virus evolution is believed to help the virus to evade the host immune response. Such long-term carriers may only represent a minority of the feline population but are likely to be crucial to the epidemiology of the virus. Vaccination against FCV has been available for many years and has effectively reduced the incidence of clinical disease. However, the vaccines do not prevent infection and vaccinated cats can still become persistently infected. In addition, FCV strain variability means that not all strains are protected against equally. Much progress has been made in understanding the biology and pathogenesis of this important feline virus. Challenges for the future will necessarily focus on how to control the variability of this virus particularly in relation to emerging virulent strains and vaccination.
猫杯状病毒（FCV）是猫的一种重要且高度流行的病原体。它属于杯状病毒科，该科还包括其他对人和动物具有重要意义的病原体。作为一种RNA病毒，高聚合酶错误率赋予FCV高基因组可塑性，使病毒能够快速响应环境选择压力。这使得该病毒适应性很强，对临床疾病及其控制具有重要意义。FCV基因多样，与一系列临床综合征相关，从隐性感染到相对轻微的口腔和上呼吸道疾病，伴或不伴有急性跛行。最近，出现了与常致命的全身感染相关的高毒力病毒株。一部分从急性疾病中康复的FCV感染猫会持续感染。在这类猫中，病毒进化被认为有助于病毒逃避宿主免疫反应。这类长期携带者可能只占猫种群的少数，但对该病毒的流行病学可能至关重要。针对FCV的疫苗已经存在多年，有效降低了临床疾病的发病率。然而，这些疫苗不能预防感染，接种疫苗的猫仍可能持续感染。此外，FCV毒株的变异性意味着并非所有毒株都能得到同等程度的保护。在理解这种重要猫病毒的生物学和发病机制方面已经取得了很大进展。未来的挑战必然集中在如何控制这种病毒的变异性，特别是与新出现的毒力毒株和疫苗接种相关的变异性。
