Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2011 Feb;89(2):414-25. doi: 10.2527/jas.2010-2839. Epub 2010 Oct 8.
Four experiments were conducted to determine the interactive effects of pharmacological amounts of Zn from ZnO and Cu from organic (Cu-AA complex; Cu-AA) or inorganic (CuSO(4)) sources on growth performance of weanling pigs. The Cu was fed for 4 (Exp. 1) or 6 (Exp. 2, 3, and 4) wk after weaning, and Zn was fed for 4 (Exp. 1) or 2 (Exp. 2, 3, and 4) wk after weaning. Treatments were replicated with 7 pens of 5 or 6 pigs per pen (19.0 ± 1.4 d of age and 5.8 ± 0.4 kg of BW, Exp. 1), 12 pens of 21 pigs per pen (about 21 d of age and 5.3 kg of BW, Exp. 2), 5 pens of 4 pigs per pen (20.3 ± 0.5 d of age and 7.0 ± 0.5 kg of BW, Exp. 3), and 16 pens of 21 pigs per pen (about 21 d of age and 5.7 kg of BW, Exp. 4). In Exp. 1 and 2, Cu-AA (0 vs. 100 mg/kg of Cu) and ZnO (0 vs. 3,000 mg/kg of Zn) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Only Exp. 1 used in-feed antibiotic (165 mg of oxytetracycline and 116 mg of neomycin per kilogram feed), and Exp. 2 was conducted at a commercial farm. In Exp. 3, sources of Cu (none; CuSO(4) at 250 mg/kg of Cu; and Cu-AA at 100 mg/kg of Cu) and ZnO (0 vs. 3,000 mg/kg of Zn) were used in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. In Exp. 4, treatments were no additional Cu, CuSO(4) at 315 mg/kg of Cu, or Cu-AA at 100 mg/kg of Cu to a diet supplemented with 3,000 mg/kg of Zn from ZnO and in-feed antibiotic (55 mg of carbadox per kilogram of feed). In Exp. 1 and 2, both Zn and Cu-AA improved (P < 0.001 to P = 0.03) ADG and ADFI. No interactions were observed, except in wk 1 of Exp. 2, where Zn increased the G:F only in the absence of Cu-AA (Cu-AA × Zn, P = 0.04). A naturally occurring colibacillosis diarrhea outbreak occurred during this experiment. The ZnO addition reduced (P < 0.001) the number of pigs removed and pig-days on antibiotic therapy. In Exp 3, ADFI in wk 2 was improved by Zn and Cu (P < 0.001 and P = 0.09, respectively) with no interactions. In wk 1, G:F was reduced by ZnO only in the absence of Cu (Cu × Zn, P = 0.03). Feeding Zn decreased fecal microbiota diversity in the presence of CuSO(4) but increased it in the presence of Cu-AA (Cu source × Zn, P = 0.06). In Exp. 4, Cu supplementation improved the overall ADG (P = 0.002) and G:F (P < 0.001). The CuSO(4) effect on G:F was greater (P < 0.001) than the Cu-AA effect. Our results indicate that pharmacological amounts of ZnO and Cu (Cu-AA or CuSO(4)) are additive in promoting growth of pigs after weaning.
进行了四项实验，以确定来自 ZnO 的药理剂量的 Zn 和来自有机（Cu-AA 复合物；Cu-AA）或无机（CuSO4）源的 Cu 对断奶仔猪生长性能的相互作用。Cu 在断奶后 4 周（实验 1）或 6 周（实验 2、3 和 4）进行饲喂，Zn 在断奶后 4 周（实验 1）或 2 周（实验 2、3 和 4）进行饲喂。用 7 个每栏 5 或 6 头猪的猪栏（19.0 ± 1.4 日龄，5.8 ± 0.4 kg BW，实验 1）、12 个每栏 21 头猪的猪栏（约 21 日龄，5.3 kg BW，实验 2）、5 个每栏 4 头猪的猪栏（20.3 ± 0.5 日龄，7.0 ± 0.5 kg BW，实验 3）和 16 个每栏 21 头猪的猪栏（约 21 日龄，5.7 kg BW，实验 4）对处理进行了重复。在实验 1 和 2 中，使用了 Cu-AA（0 与 100 mg/kg 的 Cu）和 ZnO（0 与 3000 mg/kg 的 Zn）的 2×2 因子排列。仅实验 1 使用饲料抗生素（每千克饲料含有 165 mg 土霉素和 116 mg 新霉素），实验 2 在商业农场进行。在实验 3 中，使用了 Cu 源（无；250 mg/kg 的 CuSO4；100 mg/kg 的 Cu-AA）和 ZnO（0 与 3000 mg/kg 的 Zn）的 3×2 因子排列。在实验 4 中，处理为不添加额外的 Cu、315 mg/kg 的 CuSO4 或 100 mg/kg 的 Cu-AA，添加 3000 mg/kg 的 Zn 来自 ZnO 和饲料抗生素（每千克饲料含有 55 mg 卡巴多）。在实验 1 和 2 中，Zn 和 Cu-AA 都提高了（P<0.001 至 P=0.03）ADG 和 ADFI。除了实验 2 的第 1 周外，没有观察到相互作用，在第 1 周，只有在没有 Cu-AA 的情况下，Zn 才会增加 G:F（Cu-AA×Zn，P=0.04）。在此实验期间发生了一次由大肠杆菌引起的传染性腹泻暴发。添加 ZnO 减少了（P<0.001）被移除的猪的数量和抗生素治疗的猪日数。在实验 3 中，Zn 和 Cu 在第 2 周提高了 ADFI（P<0.001 和 P=0.09），没有相互作用。在第 1 周，只有在没有 Cu 的情况下，Zn 才会降低 G:F（Cu×Zn，P=0.03）。在存在 CuSO4 的情况下，Zn 减少了粪便微生物群的多样性，但在存在 Cu-AA 的情况下增加了粪便微生物群的多样性（Cu 源×Zn，P=0.06）。在实验 4 中，Cu 补充提高了整体 ADG（P=0.002）和 G:F（P<0.001）。CuSO4 对 G:F 的影响（P<0.001）大于 Cu-AA 的影响。我们的结果表明，来自 ZnO 和 Cu（Cu-AA 或 CuSO4）的药理剂量在断奶后对猪的生长具有相加作用。
