Singleton preterm births in korle bu teaching hospital, accra, ghana - origins and outcomes.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE

To determine the singleton preterm birth rate, the relative proportions of the clinical categories of preterm births and to compare the outcomes in these categories.

SETTING

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital.

PARTICIPANTS

Preterm births from 1(st) July to 31(st) December 2003.

RESULTS

Out of a total of 4731 singleton births 440 were preterm, giving a preterm birth rate of 9.3%. One hundred and eighty-five (42%, [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 37.4%, 46.8%]) preterm births followed spontaneous onset of preterm labour (group A), 82 (18.6%, [95% CI 15.2%, 22.7%]) followed preterm premature rupture of membranes, PPROM (group B) and 173 (39.3%, [95% CI 34.8%, 44.1%]) were medically indicated (group C). The commonest indication for delivery in group C was severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Although there was no significant difference in the mean gestational ages at delivery between the groups, babies in group C had significantly lower birth weights. No differences in sex ratios, still-birth rates, or incidence of low Apgar scores were found. Babies in group C were significantly more likely to be admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and had a significantly higher perinatal death rate. Survivors of NICU admission among group C babies spent significantly longer periods in hospital before discharge.

CONCLUSION

Outcomes of preterm births in Korle Bu Teaching Hospital are less favourable among indicated preterm births than among spontaneous or PPROM-related preterm births. A detailed study of the causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality is suggested to determine any differences between the three groups.