Reprod Health. 2013;10 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S2. doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-10-S1-S2. Epub 2013 Nov 15.
This second paper in the Born Too Soon supplement presents a review of the epidemiology of preterm birth, and its burden globally, including priorities for action to improve the data. Worldwide an estimated 11.1% of all livebirths in 2010 were born preterm (14.9 million babies born before 37 weeks of gestation), with preterm birth rates increasing in most countries with reliable trend data. Direct complications of preterm birth account for one million deaths each year, and preterm birth is a risk factor in over 50% of all neonatal deaths. In addition, preterm birth can result in a range of long-term complications in survivors, with the frequency and severity of adverse outcomes rising with decreasing gestational age and decreasing quality of care. The economic costs of preterm birth are large in terms of immediate neonatal intensive care, ongoing long-term complex health needs, as well as lost economic productivity. Preterm birth is a syndrome with a variety of causes and underlying factors usually divided into spontaneous and provider-initiated preterm births. Consistent recording of all pregnancy outcomes, including stillbirths, and standard application of preterm definitions is important in all settings to advance both the understanding and the monitoring of trends. Context specific innovative solutions to prevent preterm birth and hence reduce preterm birth rates all around the world are urgently needed. Strengthened data systems are required to adequately track trends in preterm birth rates and program effectiveness. These efforts must be coupled with action now to implement improved antenatal, obstetric and newborn care to increase survival and reduce disability amongst those born too soon.
这是《早产补充》系列的第二篇文章，回顾了早产的流行病学，以及其在全球范围内的负担，包括改善数据的优先行动。据估计，2010 年全球约有 11.1%的活产儿为早产儿（即 1490 万胎龄不满 37 周的婴儿），大多数有可靠趋势数据的国家的早产率都在上升。早产的直接并发症每年导致 100 万人死亡，而且早产是超过 50%新生儿死亡的一个风险因素。此外，早产儿在幸存者中可能会出现一系列长期并发症，其不良后果的频率和严重程度随着胎龄的降低和医疗护理质量的下降而增加。从新生儿重症监护的即时需求、持续的长期复杂健康需求以及丧失的经济生产力方面来看，早产的经济成本都很高。早产是一种有多种原因和潜在因素的综合征，通常分为自发性和医疗干预性早产。在所有环境中，一致记录所有妊娠结局，包括死产，并采用标准的早产定义，对于提高对早产的理解和监测趋势都很重要。在世界各地，都迫切需要针对早产的具体情况制定创新的解决方案，以降低早产率。需要加强数据系统，以充分跟踪早产率和方案有效性的趋势。这些努力必须与现在采取的行动相结合，以实施改善的产前、产科和新生儿护理，提高早产儿的生存率并减少其残疾程度。
