Ferreira I, van der Horst K, Wendel-Vos W, Kremers S, van Lenthe F J, Brug J
Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Obes Rev. 2007 Mar;8(2):129-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2006.00264.x.
Obesogenic environments are thought to underlie the increased obesity prevalence observed in youth during the past decades. Understanding the environmental factors that are associated with physical activity (PA) in youth is needed to better inform the development of effective intervention strategies attempting to halt the obesity epidemic. We conducted a systematic semi-quantitative review of 150 studies on environmental correlates of youth PA published in the past 25 years. The ANalysis Grid for Environments Linked to Obesity (ANGELO) framework was used to classify the environmental correlates studied. Most studies retrieved used cross-sectional designs and subjective measures of environmental factors and PA. Variables of the home and school environments were especially associated with children's PA. Most consistent positive correlates of PA were father's PA, time spent outdoors and school PA-related policies (in children), and support from significant others, mother's education level, family income, and non-vocational school attendance (in adolescents). Low crime incidence (in adolescents) was characteristic of the neighbourhood environment associated with higher PA. Convincing evidence of an important role for many other environmental factors was, however, not found. Further research should aim at longitudinal and intervention studies, and use more objective measures of PA and its potential (environmental) determinants.
在过去几十年中，致肥胖环境被认为是青少年肥胖率上升的潜在原因。为了更好地指导旨在遏制肥胖流行的有效干预策略的制定，需要了解与青少年身体活动（PA）相关的环境因素。我们对过去25年发表的150项关于青少年PA环境相关性的研究进行了系统的半定量综述。使用与肥胖相关环境分析网格（ANGELO）框架对所研究的环境相关性进行分类。检索到的大多数研究采用横断面设计以及对环境因素和PA的主观测量。家庭和学校环境变量尤其与儿童的PA相关。PA最一致的正相关因素是父亲的PA、户外时间、学校与PA相关的政策（在儿童中），以及来自重要他人的支持、母亲的教育水平、家庭收入和非职业学校就读情况（在青少年中）。低犯罪率（在青少年中）是与较高PA相关的邻里环境的特征。然而，未发现许多其他环境因素发挥重要作用的确凿证据。进一步的研究应针对纵向研究和干预研究，并使用更客观的PA及其潜在（环境）决定因素的测量方法。
