Wittig Roman M, Crockford Catherine, Wikberg Eva, Seyfarth Robert M, Cheney Dorothy L
Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6018, USA.
Proc Biol Sci. 2007 Apr 22;274(1613):1109-15. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2006.0203.
It has been hypothesized that group-living mammals engage in reconciliation (post-conflict affiliation between former opponents) to reduce the disruptive costs of aggression and restore opponents' tolerance to baseline levels. Recipients of aggression are sometimes reluctant to tolerate the proximity of a recent opponent, however, in apparent fear that aggression will be renewed. In such cases, reconciliatory behaviour by the aggressor's close kin may substitute for direct reconciliation. We describe a playback experiment with free-ranging baboons (Papio hamadryas ursinus) that examines whether friendly behaviour by the aggressor's kin can substitute for direct reconciliation by the aggressor herself. In the test condition, female subjects who had recently been threatened heard the friendly grunt of one of their aggressor's relatives, mimicking kin-mediated vocal reconciliation. In the control condition, subjects heard the grunt of a dominant female from a different matriline. Subjects responded significantly more strongly in test than in control trials. Moreover, in the next hour they were significantly more likely to tolerate the proximity of both their aggressor and the relative whose grunt they had heard. In contrast, subjects' behaviour towards both control females and other members of their aggressor's matriline was unaffected. We conclude that kin-mediated vocal reconciliation can substitute for direct reconciliation in baboons.
据推测，群居哺乳动物会进行和解（冲突后前对手之间的亲和行为），以降低攻击行为的破坏成本，并将对手的容忍度恢复到基线水平。然而，攻击行为的受害者有时不愿容忍近期对手的靠近，显然是担心攻击行为会再次发生。在这种情况下，攻击者的近亲的和解行为可能会替代直接和解。我们描述了一项对自由放养的狒狒（阿拉伯狒狒豚尾亚种）进行的回放实验，该实验检验了攻击者亲属的友好行为是否能替代攻击者本人的直接和解。在测试条件下，近期受到威胁的雌性受试狒狒听到了其攻击者的一位亲属发出的友好呼噜声，模拟了亲属介导的声音和解。在对照条件下，受试狒狒听到了来自不同母系的优势雌性的呼噜声。受试狒狒在测试中的反应明显比在对照试验中更强烈。此外，在接下来的一个小时里，它们明显更有可能容忍其攻击者以及它们听到呼噜声的亲属的靠近。相比之下，受试狒狒对对照雌性以及其攻击者母系中的其他成员的行为没有受到影响。我们得出结论，亲属介导的声音和解可以替代狒狒中的直接和解。
