Bompart F
Aventis Pasteur, 2, avenue Pont Pasteur, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2004 Nov;97(4):288-92.
The world-wide initiative to eradicate poliomyelitis has been remarkably successful since its launch in 1988. According to the WHO, the last wild virus should be isolated in 2005, thus paving the way for the certification of a world free of poliomyelitis in 2008. Discontinuation of poliomyelitis vaccination which constituted the ultimate objective of this campaign has been jeopardised by two recent developments: the characterisation of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPV), either circulating or excreted by immunodepressed patients, and renewed concern about the risk of bioterrorism. The threats posed by VDPV have led WHO to recommend that OPV usage be discontinued as soon as possible after eradication certification. This article examines the consequences of these developments and describes possible vaccination strategies to counter these new circumstances.
自1988年发起全球根除脊髓灰质炎倡议以来，该倡议取得了显著成功。据世界卫生组织称，预计2005年将分离出最后一株野生病毒，从而为2008年认证无脊髓灰质炎的世界铺平道路。作为这场运动最终目标的脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种的停止，因最近的两个新情况而受到威胁：一是免疫功能低下患者传播或排泄的疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒（VDPV）的特性，二是对生物恐怖主义风险的重新担忧。VDPV带来的威胁促使世界卫生组织建议，在根除认证后尽快停止使用口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）。本文探讨了这些新情况的后果，并描述了应对这些新情况的可能的疫苗接种策略。
