Dutta Anil
Global Scientific and Medical Affairs, Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France.
Vaccine. 2008 Oct 23;26(45):5767-73. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.07.101. Epub 2008 Aug 26.
Poliomyelitis is a disease of major public health importance. Since the launch of the Global Poliomyelitis Eradication Initiative in 1988, considerable progress has been achieved globally. At present, the causative agent for the disease--poliovirus--remains endemic in only four countries (Afghanistan, India, Nigeria and Pakistan). The poliovirus eradication plan, as outlined in the WHO strategic plan for 2004--2008, incorporates priority activities for each phase of the plan: (i) polio eradication certification for regions, (ii) oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) cessation phase, and (iii) post-OPV phase. The ultimate goal to eventually stop all vaccination is, however, jeopardized by the emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses and the risk of bioterrorism. In the post-eradication era, individual countries will be presented with guidelines on OPV cessation and inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) usage. This paper, presented during the Asian Pacific Pediatric Association (APPA) meeting in Pattaya, Thailand from 20 to 22 July 2006, provides an update on the current global situation, focusing on the progress and challenges faced by different countries in their quest for poliovirus eradication.
脊髓灰质炎是一种具有重大公共卫生意义的疾病。自1988年发起全球根除脊髓灰质炎行动以来，全球已取得了显著进展。目前，该疾病的病原体——脊髓灰质炎病毒——仅在四个国家（阿富汗、印度、尼日利亚和巴基斯坦）呈地方性流行。世界卫生组织2004 - 2008年战略计划中概述的脊髓灰质炎病毒根除计划纳入了该计划各阶段的优先活动：（i）区域脊髓灰质炎根除认证，（ii）口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV）停用阶段，以及（iii）OPV后阶段。然而，疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒的出现和生物恐怖主义风险危及最终停止所有疫苗接种这一最终目标。在根除后的时代，各国将收到关于停用OPV和使用灭活脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗（IPV）的指导方针。本文于2006年7月20日至22日在泰国芭提雅举行的亚太儿科学会（APPA）会议期间发表，提供了当前全球形势的最新情况，重点关注不同国家在根除脊髓灰质炎病毒过程中所取得的进展和面临的挑战。
