Paschopoulos Minas, Polyzos Nikolaos P, Lavasidis Lazaros G, Vrekoussis Thomas, Dalkalitsis Nikolaos, Paraskevaidis Evangelos
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina 45110-Greece.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Dec;1092:229-34. doi: 10.1196/annals.1365.019.
The term hysteroscopy is used to determine the procedure during which an endoscopic view of the endometrial cavity is achieved with the help of a type of endoscopic device called "the hysteroscope." Hysteroscopy is used to assist the diagnosis for a series of female pathology. Apart from its diagnostic value, hysteroscopy can also be used for operative procedures including ablation and resection. Both diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy have been used for a number of years and various studies have been published to describe their success and complication rates throughout this period. Diagnostic hysteroscopy is relatively safe, whereas complications occur more frequently when operative hysteroscopy is used. These complications include uterine perforation, hemorrhage, fluid overload, gas embolization, and hyponatremia. The rate in the appearance of these complications is dependent on the type of the hysteroscopic procedure, the distending medium, and the experience of the hysteroscopist. To avoid any problems concerning the application of hysteroscopic procedures, it is important to take the necessary precautions both preoperatively and intraoperatively. For example, the preoperative use of thinning agents of the endometrium and the reduction of the operating time, or the avoidance of cutting too deeply into the myometrium, are some of the parameters to be considered when hysteroscopy is in argument.
宫腔镜检查术是指借助一种名为“宫腔镜”的内镜设备对子宫内膜腔进行内镜观察的操作过程。宫腔镜检查术用于辅助诊断一系列女性疾病。除了其诊断价值外，宫腔镜检查术还可用于包括消融和切除在内的手术操作。诊断性宫腔镜检查术和手术性宫腔镜检查术已经应用多年，在此期间发表了各种研究来描述它们的成功率和并发症发生率。诊断性宫腔镜检查术相对安全，而使用手术性宫腔镜检查术时并发症更常发生。这些并发症包括子宫穿孔、出血、液体超负荷、气体栓塞和低钠血症。这些并发症的发生率取决于宫腔镜手术的类型、扩张介质以及宫腔镜检查者的经验。为避免宫腔镜手术应用中出现任何问题，术前和术中采取必要的预防措施很重要。例如，术前使用子宫内膜变薄剂、缩短手术时间，或者避免切入肌层过深，这些都是在考虑进行宫腔镜检查术时要考虑的一些因素。
