Mikkola Marja L
Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, P.O. Box 56 (Viikinkaari 9), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2007 Apr;18(2):225-36. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.01.007. Epub 2007 Jan 25.
Morphogenesis of hair follicles, teeth, and mammary glands depends on inductive epithelial-mesenchymal interactions mediated by a conserved set of signalling molecules. The early development of different skin appendages is remarkably similar. Initiation of organogenesis is marked by the appearance of a local epithelial thickening, a placode, which subsequently invaginates to produce a bud. These early developmental stages require many of the same genes and signalling circuits and consequently alterations in them often cause similar phenotypes in several skin appendages. After the bud stage, these organs adopt diverse patterns of epithelial growth, reflected in the usage of more divergent genes in each.
毛囊、牙齿和乳腺的形态发生依赖于由一组保守信号分子介导的诱导性上皮-间充质相互作用。不同皮肤附属器的早期发育非常相似。器官发生的起始以局部上皮增厚即基板的出现为标志，基板随后内陷形成芽。这些早期发育阶段需要许多相同的基因和信号通路，因此它们的改变常常在几种皮肤附属器中导致相似的表型。在芽阶段之后，这些器官呈现出不同的上皮生长模式，这反映在每个器官中使用更多不同的基因上。
