Steinmetz Hanspeter W, Kaumanns Werner, Neimeier Karl-Albrecht, Kaup Franz-Josef
Division of Zoo Animals and Exotic Pets, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2005 Jun;36(2):229-38. doi: 10.1638/04-054.1.
Coat damage has been reported frequently in captive rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), and it is a serious health problem because the hair coat functions as an anatomic and physiologic barrier between the animal and the environment. The purpose of this study was to identify the pathogenesis of coat damage in this species and to exclude the most frequent causes of alopecia. The investigation included clinical, hematologic, bacteriologic, mycologic, parasitologic, and histopathologic evaluations. A broad systematic dermatologic investigation was performed on 156 rhesus macaques, kept under variable environmental conditions, at the German Primate Center, Göttingen. In addition, 27 animals from other primate facilities were incorporated into the study. Clinically, 126 animals showed partial alopecia of varying severity, with complete alopecia in the worst cases. In 88% of the cases, the disorder was bilaterally symmetrical. The back and extremities were most commonly affected. No gross clinical changes of the skin surface were detected. Histologic changes consisted predominantly of mild epidermal hyperkeratosis and mild perivascular dermatitis. The presence and severity of histologic lesions were not correlated to coat damage. Parasitic, bacterial, and mycotic causes of alopecia were ruled out. Overviewing these results, disturbances in environment and behavior controlling or influencing hair growth may lead to hair loss in captive rhesus macaques. Future studies should try to identify disturbances in extrinsic or intrinsic factors influencing hair follicle activity in rhesus macaques.
圈养恒河猴（猕猴）的毛发损伤情况经常被报道，这是一个严重的健康问题，因为毛发作为动物与环境之间的解剖学和生理学屏障。本研究的目的是确定该物种毛发损伤的发病机制，并排除最常见的脱发原因。调查包括临床、血液学、细菌学、真菌学、寄生虫学和组织病理学评估。在哥廷根的德国灵长类动物中心，对156只处于不同环境条件下的恒河猴进行了广泛系统的皮肤病学调查。此外，来自其他灵长类动物设施的27只动物也纳入了研究。临床上，126只动物表现出不同程度的局部脱发，最严重的病例出现完全脱发。在88%的病例中，病情呈双侧对称。背部和四肢最常受累。未检测到皮肤表面的明显临床变化。组织学变化主要包括轻度表皮角化过度和轻度血管周围皮炎。组织学病变的存在和严重程度与毛发损伤无关。排除了寄生虫、细菌和真菌导致脱发的原因。综合这些结果，环境和行为控制或影响毛发生长的干扰可能导致圈养恒河猴脱发。未来的研究应试图确定影响恒河猴毛囊活动的外在或内在因素的干扰。
