Arvaniti Amalia, Ladd D Robert, Mennen Ineke
Dept. of Linguistics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
Lang Speech. 2006;49(Pt 4):421-50. doi: 10.1177/00238309060490040101.
This paper compares the production and perception of the rise-fall contour of contrastive statements and the final rise-fall part of polar questions in Greek. The results show that these superficially similar rise-falls exhibit fine phonetic differences in the alignment of tonal targets with the segmental string, and that these differences can be used by native speakers under experimental conditions to identify the two contour types. It is further shown here that the observed differences in alignment are best attributed to differences in the overall tonal composition of these contours, which results in different degrees of crowding for the targets involved. This analysis accounts for the differences in phonetic detail between the two contours, while obviating the need to posit distinct secondary associations for the peak of the rise-fall. It is suggested that differences in phonetic alignment should be formalized by means of the secondary association mechanism only if simpler analyses and explanations have been considered and shown not to account effectively for the data. Finally, the perceptual results suggest that even small alignment differences like those observed here have a role in perception and should therefore be specified in a full description of the phonetic implementation of tunes.
本文比较了希腊语中对比性陈述的升降调轮廓以及极性疑问句的最终升降部分的产生与感知。结果表明，这些表面上相似的升降调在声调目标与音段序列的对齐方面呈现出细微的语音差异，并且在实验条件下，以英语为母语的人可以利用这些差异来识别这两种轮廓类型。本文还进一步表明，观察到的对齐差异最好归因于这些轮廓的整体声调构成差异，这导致了所涉及目标的拥挤程度不同。这种分析解释了两种轮廓在语音细节上的差异，同时无需为升降调的峰值设定不同的二级关联。建议只有在考虑并表明更简单的分析和解释无法有效解释数据的情况下，才应通过二级关联机制将语音对齐差异形式化。最后，感知结果表明，即使是像这里观察到的微小对齐差异在感知中也起作用，因此在对语调的语音实现进行全面描述时应予以明确。
