Tokoro Takashi
Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Japan.
Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 2007 Feb;111(2):77-82.
The main purpose of ophthalmology is to improve the quality of vision by the recovery of visual function. Visual acuity, among the visual functions, is the most important factor. Decreased far vision is caused mainly by refractive errors, while decreased near vision is caused by accommodative insufficiency, especially presbyopia. REFRACTIVE ERRORS: The development of myopia may be influenced by both polygenic and environmental factors. Investigation of the mechanism of myopia has progressed based on the experimental animal models of myopia. The conventional treatments for refractive errors is spectacles or contact lenses, and new treatment includes phakic IOL, orthokeratology, and refractive surgery. There are also newly designed types of equipment to assess refraction and refractive elements. ACCOMMODATIVE INSUFFICIENCY: Presbyopia is mainly corrected using multifocal or progressive power spectacle lenses. Nowadays, bifocal and multifocal contact lenses and sometimes surgical treatment are used for presbyopia. Equipment for asthenopia has also been developed.
眼科学的主要目的是通过恢复视觉功能来提高视力质量。在视觉功能中，视力是最重要的因素。远视力下降主要由屈光不正引起，而近视力下降则由调节功能不全，尤其是老花眼引起。屈光不正：近视的发生可能受多基因和环境因素的影响。基于近视实验动物模型，对近视发病机制的研究取得了进展。屈光不正的传统治疗方法是佩戴眼镜或隐形眼镜，新的治疗方法包括有晶体眼人工晶状体植入术、角膜塑形术和屈光手术。此外，还有新设计的设备用于评估屈光和屈光元件。调节功能不全：老花眼主要通过佩戴多焦点或渐进多焦点眼镜来矫正。如今，双焦点和多焦点隐形眼镜以及有时采用的手术治疗也用于老花眼。缓解视疲劳的设备也已研发出来。
