Winston Flaura K, Kallan Michael J, Elliott Michael R, Xie Dawei, Durbin Dennis R
Center for Injury Research and Prevention, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007 Mar;161(3):270-5. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.161.3.270.
To quantify the independent contribution of recently enacted booster seat laws on appropriate restraint use by child passengers in motor vehicles.
Longitudinal study of children involved in crashes with data collected via insurance claims records and a validated telephone survey.
Sixteen states and Washington, DC, from December 1, 1998, through December 31, 2004.
Probability sample of 5198 vehicles in crashes involving 6102 children aged 4 to 7 years, representing 78 159 vehicles and 91 752 children.
Booster seat law provisions, child age, state, and secular trends.
Reported appropriate restraint use for this age group, including forward-facing child safety seats, belt-positioning booster seats, and combination seats.
Children aged 4 to 7 years in states with booster seat laws were 39% more likely to be reported as appropriately restrained than were children in other states (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14-1.70). Children aged 4 to 5 years were 23% more likely (PR,1.23; 95% CI, 0.80-1.42) and children 6 to 7 years twice as likely (PR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.46-2.99) to be reported as appropriately restrained. For children aged 6 to 7 years, when compared with no law, laws through age 7 years were most effective (PR, 3.71; 95% CI, 2.49-5.42), followed by laws through age 4 or 5 years (PR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.89-2.24).
Given the higher current use of age-appropriate restraints among children 4 to 5 years compared with older children, future upgrades to child restraint laws should include children through at least age 7 years to maximize the number of children properly restrained for their age.
量化近期颁布的增高座椅法律对儿童乘客在机动车中正确使用约束装置的独立贡献。
通过保险理赔记录和经过验证的电话调查收集数据，对涉及车祸的儿童进行纵向研究。
1998年12月1日至2004年12月31日期间的16个州和华盛顿特区。
涉及6102名4至7岁儿童的5198起车祸车辆的概率样本，代表78159辆车和91752名儿童。
增高座椅法律规定、儿童年龄、州和长期趋势。
该年龄组报告的正确使用约束装置情况，包括前向儿童安全座椅、安全带定位增高座椅和组合座椅。
有增高座椅法律的州中，4至7岁儿童被报告正确使用约束装置的可能性比其他州的儿童高39%（患病率比[PR]为1.39；95%置信区间[CI]为1.14 - 1.70）。4至5岁儿童被报告正确使用约束装置的可能性高23%（PR为1.23；95%CI为0.80 - 1.42），6至7岁儿童的可能性则高出两倍（PR为2.09；95%CI为1.46 - 2.99）。对于6至7岁儿童，与没有法律相比，7岁及以下的法律最有效（PR为3.71；95%CI为2.49 - 5.42），其次是4或5岁及以下的法律（PR为1.43；95%CI为0.89 - 2.24）。
鉴于目前4至5岁儿童比年龄较大儿童更常使用适合其年龄的约束装置，未来儿童约束法律的升级应至少涵盖7岁及以下儿童，以最大限度地增加各年龄段正确使用约束装置的儿童数量。
