Brubacher Jeffrey R, Desapriya Ediriweera, Erdelyi Shannon, Chan Herbert
Department of Emergency Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.
Paediatr Child Health. 2016 May;21(4):e27-31. doi: 10.1093/pch/21.4.e27.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) remain a leading cause of death and serious injury in Canadian children. In July 2008, British Columbia introduced child safety seat legislation that aimed to reduce the number of children killed or injured in MVCs. This legislation upgraded previous child seat legislation (introduced in 1985) and affected children zero to three and those four to eight years of age. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this legislation.
Deidentified police reports for all MVCs involving zero- to 14-year-olds (2000 to 2012) were used to compare injury rates, booster seat use, and seating position among children before and after booster seat laws. An interrupted time series design was used to estimate the effect of the new law on injuries among children zero to three and four to eight years of age. Estimates were adjusted using children nine to 14 years of age as controls.
The booster seat law was associated with a 10.8% (95% CI 2.7% to 18.9%) reduction in the monthly rate of injuries in four- to eight-year-old children (P=0.01). This was equivalent to a decrease of 14.3 injuries per 1,000,000 children. Similarly, the monthly injury rate among children zero to three years of age decreased by 13.0% (95% CI 1.5% to 24.6% [9.8 injuries per 1,000,000]; P=0.03).
The results provide evidence that British Columbia's new child safety restraint law was associated with fewer injuries among children covered by the new laws.
背景/目的：机动车碰撞事故（MVCs）仍是加拿大儿童死亡和重伤的主要原因。2008年7月，不列颠哥伦比亚省出台了儿童安全座椅法规，旨在减少在机动车碰撞事故中死亡或受伤的儿童数量。该法规升级了先前的儿童座椅法规（于1985年出台），适用于0至3岁以及4至8岁的儿童。本研究的目的是评估该法规的有效性。
使用涉及0至14岁儿童（2000年至2012年）的所有机动车碰撞事故的匿名警方报告，比较儿童安全座椅法规实施前后儿童的受伤率、增高座椅使用情况和座位位置。采用中断时间序列设计来估计新法律对0至3岁和4至8岁儿童受伤情况的影响。以9至14岁儿童作为对照进行估计调整。
增高座椅法规使4至8岁儿童的月度受伤率降低了10.8%（95%置信区间为2.7%至18.9%）（P = 0.01）。这相当于每100万名儿童中受伤人数减少了14.3人。同样，0至3岁儿童的月度受伤率下降了13.0%（95%置信区间为1.5%至24.6%[每100万名儿童中有9.8人受伤]；P = 0.03）。
结果表明，不列颠哥伦比亚省新的儿童安全约束法规与新法规涵盖的儿童受伤人数减少有关。
