经颅磁刺激诱导清醒时皮层兴奋，可使睡眠时慢波活动局部增加。
TMS-induced cortical potentiation during wakefulness locally increases slow wave activity during sleep.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2007 Mar 7;2(3):e276. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000276.
BACKGROUND
Sleep slow wave activity (SWA) is thought to reflect sleep need, increasing in proportion to the length of prior wakefulness and decreasing during sleep. However, the process responsible for SWA regulation is not known. We showed recently that SWA increases locally after a learning task involving a circumscribed brain region, suggesting that SWA may reflect plastic changes triggered by learning.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To test this hypothesis directly, we used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in conjunction with high-density EEG in humans. We show that 5-Hz TMS applied to motor cortex induces a localized potentiation of TMS-evoked cortical EEG responses. We then show that, in the sleep episode following 5-Hz TMS, SWA increases markedly (+39.1+/-17.4%, p<0.01, n = 10). Electrode coregistration with magnetic resonance images localized the increase in SWA to the same premotor site as the maximum TMS-induced potentiation during wakefulness. Moreover, the magnitude of potentiation during wakefulness predicts the local increase in SWA during sleep.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: These results provide direct evidence for a link between plastic changes and the local regulation of sleep need.
背景
慢波睡眠活动（SWA）被认为反映了睡眠需求，与先前清醒时间的长短成正比增加，在睡眠期间减少。然而，负责调节 SWA 的过程尚不清楚。我们最近表明，在涉及特定脑区的学习任务后，SWA 在局部增加，这表明 SWA 可能反映了学习引发的可塑性变化。
方法/主要发现：为了直接检验这一假设，我们在人类中使用经颅磁刺激（TMS）结合高密度脑电图。我们表明，应用于运动皮层的 5-Hz TMS 会引起 TMS 诱发的皮层 EEG 反应的局部增强。然后，我们表明，在 5-Hz TMS 之后的睡眠期，SWA 明显增加（+39.1+/-17.4%，p<0.01，n=10）。电极与磁共振图像的核配准将 SWA 的增加定位到与清醒时最大 TMS 诱导增强相同的前运动部位。此外，清醒时的增强幅度预测了睡眠时局部 SWA 的增加。
结论/意义：这些结果为可塑性变化与睡眠需求的局部调节之间的联系提供了直接证据。
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