Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2024 Nov;26(11):650-658. doi: 10.1007/s11920-024-01540-1.
In this review, we evaluate recent studies that employ neuromodulation, in the form of non-invasive brain stimulation, to improve sleep in both healthy participants, and patients with psychiatric disorders. We review studies using transcranial electrical stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and closed-loop auditory stimulation, and consider both subjective and objective measures of sleep improvement.
Neuromodulation can alter neuronal activity underlying sleep. However, few studies utilizing neuromodulation report improvements in objective measures of sleep. Enhancements in subjective measures of sleep quality are replicable, however, many studies conducted in this field suffer from methodological limitations, and the placebo effect is robust. Currently, evidence that neuromodulation can effectively enhance sleep is lacking. For the field to advance, methodological issues must be resolved, and the full range of objective measures of sleep architecture, alongside subjective measures of sleep quality, must be reported. Additionally, validation of effective modulation of neuronal activity should be done with neuroimaging.
在这篇综述中，我们评估了最近的一些研究，这些研究采用神经调节（形式为非侵入性脑刺激）来改善健康参与者和精神障碍患者的睡眠。我们综述了使用经颅电刺激、经颅磁刺激和闭环听觉刺激的研究，并考虑了睡眠改善的主观和客观测量。
神经调节可以改变睡眠的基础神经元活动。然而，很少有利用神经调节的研究报告客观测量的睡眠改善。主观的睡眠质量改善是可复制的，然而，该领域的许多研究都存在方法学限制，并且安慰剂效应非常显著。目前，缺乏神经调节可以有效增强睡眠的证据。为了推动该领域的发展，必须解决方法学问题，并且必须报告全面的睡眠结构的客观测量，以及睡眠质量的主观测量。此外，应该使用神经影像学来验证神经元活动的有效调节。
