Loviselli Andrea, Secci Gianni, Lai Alessio, Velluzzi Fernanda
Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche M. Aresu, Policlinico Universitario, Cagliari.
Recenti Prog Med. 2007 Jan;98(1):1-6.
The mechanisms deputed to energetic control have been selected by ancestral diets resulting from the nutrient disposal during the evolution. Discovery of the leptin and its downstream peptidergic pathways has increased our understanding of the physiological system that regulate food intake in the last decade. Hypothalamus plays a key role in the regulation of the peripheral and central signals of energy requirements. Insulin and leptin, that reflect the adipose status, are able to long term influence these circuits. Gut hormones acutely modulated the pathways, resulting in a stimulation effects by ghreline, or in a inhibition effects by PYY and oxintomoduline. Moreover, brain centres signal energy homeostasis by monoamine release and endocannabinoid system. This review discusses the network of neuronal and hormonal signals, which contribute to the energetic control.
负责能量控制的机制是由进化过程中营养物质处理产生的祖先饮食所选择的。在过去十年中，瘦素及其下游肽能途径的发现增进了我们对调节食物摄入的生理系统的理解。下丘脑在能量需求的外周和中枢信号调节中起关键作用。反映脂肪状态的胰岛素和瘦素能够长期影响这些回路。肠道激素可急性调节这些途径，胃饥饿素产生刺激作用，而肽YY和胃泌酸调节素则产生抑制作用。此外，脑中枢通过单胺释放和内源性大麻素系统发出能量稳态信号。本综述讨论了有助于能量控制的神经元和激素信号网络。
