Garnier R, Villa A, Chataigner D
Consultation de Pathologie Professionnelle et Environnementale de l'Hôpital Fernand Widal, Institut Interuniversitaire de Médecine du Travail de Paris Ile-de-France.
Rev Mal Respir. 2007 Feb;24(2):205-20. doi: 10.1016/s0761-8425(07)91043-8.
Rhinitis is one of the most common occupational diseases. It is often neglected by those affected because it causes little disability. It is poorly understood by doctors who have insufficient experience of occupational diseases and their causes. However it is often the first manifestation of a respiratory disorder that may cause physical complications and socio-economic disability.
Numerous diverse agents are potential causes of rhinitis. The diagnosis of occupational rhinitis should be considered when sneezing, rhinorrhoea or nasal obstruction are associated with work. The causal agent can be identified by ta-king a careful history. When the mechanism of the disease is immunologic the suspected antigen can be confirmed by skin testing, specific IgE or nasal provocation. The respiratory disorder of which rhinitis is the first manifestation may progress to asthma if the exposure continues. The prevention of occupational rhinitis depends on the reduction of exposure to allergens and/or irritants. When it has developed removal of the causative agent is essential to prevent progression to asthma.
鼻炎是最常见的职业病之一。它常被患者忽视，因为其造成的残疾程度较轻。职业病经验不足且不了解其病因的医生对它认识不足。然而，它往往是呼吸系统疾病的首发表现，可能导致身体并发症和社会经济残疾。
众多不同因素都可能是鼻炎的潜在病因。当打喷嚏、流涕或鼻塞与工作相关时，应考虑职业性鼻炎的诊断。通过仔细询问病史可确定致病因素。当疾病机制为免疫性时，可通过皮肤试验、特异性IgE或鼻激发试验来确认可疑抗原。如果接触持续，以鼻炎为首发表现的呼吸系统疾病可能会进展为哮喘。职业性鼻炎的预防取决于减少接触过敏原和/或刺激物。发病后，去除致病因素对于防止进展为哮喘至关重要。
