Cohen Joyce K, Kilpatrick A Marm, Stroud Fawn Connor, Paul Katherine, Wolf Felix, Else James G
Research Animal Resource Center, Weill Medical College of Cornell University and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Research Center, New York, NY, USA.
Comp Med. 2007 Feb;57(1):115-9.
West Nile virus (WNV) surfaced as an emerging infectious disease in the northeastern United States in 1999, gradually spread across the continent, and is now endemic throughout North America. Outdoor-housed nonhuman primates at the Tulane National Primate Research Center (TNPRC) in Louisiana were documented with a relatively high prevalence (36%) of antibodies to West Nile virus. We examined the prevalence of antibodies to WNV in a nonhuman primate population housed in outdoor colonies at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center Field Station located near Atlanta, Georgia. We screened rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and sooty mangabeys (Cercocebus atys) that were at least 3 y old by serum neutralization for antibodies to WNV and confirmed these results by hemagglutination-inhibition assay. None of the 45 rhesus monkeys had antibodies to WNV, but 3 of the 45 mangabeys (6.6%) were positive by both serum neutralization and hemagglutination-inhibition tests. The ratio of seroprevalences in the TNPRC and Yerkes primate populations was similar to the ratio of WNV incidences in people in Louisiana and Georgia from 2002 to 2004. The difference in the exposure of nonhuman primates (and possibly humans) to WNV between these 2 regions is consistent with the difference in the abundance of mammal-biting WNV-infectious mosquitoes, which was 23 times lower near Yerkes than around TNPRC in 2003 and 33 times lower in 2004.
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）于1999年在美国东北部作为一种新兴传染病出现，随后逐渐蔓延至整个大陆，如今在北美各地均有流行。路易斯安那州杜兰国家灵长类动物研究中心（TNPRC）户外饲养的非人灵长类动物体内，西尼罗河病毒抗体的流行率相对较高（36%）。我们对位于佐治亚州亚特兰大附近的耶基斯国家灵长类动物研究中心野外站户外群落饲养的非人灵长类动物群体中WNV抗体的流行情况进行了检测。我们通过血清中和法筛查了至少3岁的恒河猴（猕猴）和黑冠白睑猴，检测其WNV抗体，并通过血凝抑制试验确认了这些结果。45只恒河猴均未检测到WNV抗体，但45只白睑猴中有3只（6.6%）血清中和试验和血凝抑制试验均呈阳性。TNPRC和耶基斯灵长类动物群体中的血清阳性率之比，与2002年至2004年路易斯安那州和佐治亚州人群中WNV发病率之比相似。这两个地区的非人灵长类动物（可能还有人类）接触WNV的差异，与叮咬哺乳动物的WNV感染性蚊子数量的差异一致，2003年耶基斯附近的蚊子数量比TNPRC周围低23倍，2004年低33倍。
