Stam Rianne
Department of Pharmacology and Anatomy, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2007;31(4):558-84. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.01.001. Epub 2007 Feb 3.
Animal models that are characterised by long-lasting conditioned fear responses as well as generalised behavioural sensitisation to novel stimuli following short-lasting but intense stress have a phenomenology that resembles that of PTSD in humans. These models include brief sessions of shocks, social confrontations, and a short sequence of different stressors. Subgroups of animals with different behavioural traits or coping styles during stress exposure show a different degree or pattern of long-term sensitisation. Weeks to months after the trauma, treated animals on average also show a sensitisation to novel stressful stimuli of neuroendocrine, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal motility responses as well as altered pain sensitivity and immune function. Functional neuroanatomical and pharmacological studies in these animal models have provided evidence for involvement of amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex, and of brain stem areas regulating neuroendocrine and autonomic function and pain processing. They have also generated a number of neurotransmitter and neuropeptide targets that could provide novel avenues for treatment in PTSD.
以持久的条件性恐惧反应以及在短暂但强烈的应激后对新刺激产生普遍行为敏感为特征的动物模型，其现象学类似于人类的创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。这些模型包括短暂的电击、社交对抗以及短序列的不同应激源。在应激暴露期间具有不同行为特征或应对方式的动物亚组表现出不同程度或模式的长期敏感化。创伤后数周甚至数月，接受治疗的动物平均也表现出对新的应激刺激的敏感化，涉及神经内分泌、心血管和胃肠动力反应，以及疼痛敏感性和免疫功能的改变。对这些动物模型进行的功能性神经解剖学和药理学研究已证明杏仁核和内侧前额叶皮质以及调节神经内分泌和自主功能及疼痛处理的脑干区域参与其中。它们还产生了一些神经递质和神经肽靶点，可为PTSD的治疗提供新途径。
