Huber Michaell A, Terezhalmy Geza T
Division of Oral Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Dental School, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
J Contemp Dent Pract. 2007 Mar 1;8(3):1-12.
To present the essential elements of an infection control/exposure control plan in the oral healthcare setting with emphasis on HIV infection.
A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted with special emphasis on HIV-related infection control issues in the oral healthcare setting.
Currently available knowledge related to HIV-related infection control issues is supported by data derived from well-conducted trials or extensive, controlled observations, or, in the absence of such data, by best-informed, most authoritative opinion available.
Essential elements of an effective HIV-related infection control plan include: (1) education and training related to the etiology and epidemiology of HIV infection and exposure prevention; (2) plans for the management of oral healthcare personnel potentially exposed to HIV and for the follow-up of oral healthcare personnel exposed to HIV; and (3) a policy for work restriction of HIV-positive oral healthcare personnel.
While exposure prevention remains the primary strategy for reducing occupational exposure to HIV, knowledge about potential risks and concise written procedures that promote a seamless response following occupational exposure can greatly reduce the emotional impact of an accidental needlestick injury.
介绍口腔医疗环境中感染控制/暴露控制计划的基本要素，重点是艾滋病毒感染。
对文献进行全面综述，特别强调口腔医疗环境中与艾滋病毒相关的感染控制问题。
目前与艾滋病毒相关感染控制问题的现有知识得到了来自精心设计的试验或广泛的对照观察的数据支持，或者在没有此类数据的情况下，得到了最明智、最权威的意见支持。
有效的艾滋病毒相关感染控制计划的基本要素包括：（1）与艾滋病毒感染的病因和流行病学以及暴露预防相关的教育和培训；（2）对可能接触艾滋病毒的口腔医护人员的管理计划以及对接触艾滋病毒的口腔医护人员的随访计划；（3）艾滋病毒呈阳性的口腔医护人员的工作限制政策。
虽然预防暴露仍然是减少职业性艾滋病毒暴露的主要策略，但了解潜在风险以及促进职业暴露后无缝应对的简明书面程序可以大大减轻意外针刺伤的情感影响。
