Risen Jane L, Gilovich Thomas
Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007 Mar;92(3):418-33. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.418.
Do people distinguish between sincere and insincere apologies? Because targets and observers face different constraints, we hypothesized that observers would differentiate between spontaneous and coerced apologies but that targets would not. In Studies 1 and 2 participants either received or observed a spontaneous apology, a coerced apology, or no apology, following a staged offense, and the predicted target-observer difference emerged. Studies 3-5 provided evidence in support of 3 mechanisms that contribute to this target-observer difference. Studies 3 and 4 indicate that this difference is due, in part, to a motivation to be seen positively by others and a motivation to feel good about oneself. Study 5 suggests that social scripts constrain the responses of targets more than those of observers.
人们会区分真诚和不真诚的道歉吗？由于接受道歉者和旁观者面临不同的限制，我们推测旁观者能够区分自发的道歉和被迫的道歉，而接受道歉者则不能。在研究1和研究2中，参与者在一场安排好的冒犯行为之后，要么收到并接受了自发的道歉、被迫的道歉，要么没有收到任何道歉，而旁观者和接受道歉者之间出现了预期的差异。研究3至研究5提供了证据，支持造成这种旁观者与接受道歉者之间差异的三种机制。研究3和研究4表明，这种差异部分归因于渴望得到他人正面评价的动机以及自我感觉良好的动机。研究5表明，社会脚本对接受道歉者反应的限制比对旁观者的限制更大。
