Chan Moses W, Stevenson Adam K, Li Yunfeng, Pizlo Zygmunt
Purdue University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of Psychological Sciences, 703 Third Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2081, USA.
Percept Psychophys. 2006 Oct;68(7):1124-39. doi: 10.3758/bf03193715.
We tested shape constancy from novel views in the case of binocular viewing, using a variety of stimuli, including polyhedra, polygonal lines, and points in 3-D. The results of the psychophysical experiments show that constraints such as planarity of surface contours and symmetry are critical for reliable shape constancy. These results are consistent with the results obtained in our previous psychophysical experiments on shape constancy from novel views in the presence of a kinetic depth effect (Pizlo & Stevenson, 1999). On the basis of these results, we developed a new model of binocular shape reconstruction. The model is based on the assumption that binocular reconstruction is a difficult inverse problem, whose solution requires imposing a priori constraints on the family of possible interpretations. In the model, binocular disparity is used to correct monocularly reconstructed shape. The new model was tested on the same shapes as those used in the psychophysical experiments. The reconstructions produced by this model are substantially more reliable than the reconstructions produced by models that do not use constraints. Interestingly, monocular (but not binocular) reconstructions produced by this model correlate well with both monocular and binocular performance of human subjects. This fact suggests that binocular and monocular reconstructions of shapes in the human visual system involve similar mechanisms based on monocular shape constraints.
我们在双眼观察的情况下，使用包括多面体、多边形线和三维点等各种刺激物，从新视角测试了形状恒常性。心理物理学实验结果表明，诸如表面轮廓的平面性和对称性等约束条件对于可靠的形状恒常性至关重要。这些结果与我们之前在存在运动深度效应的情况下从新视角进行形状恒常性的心理物理学实验所获得的结果一致（皮兹洛和史蒂文森，1999年）。基于这些结果，我们开发了一种双眼形状重建的新模型。该模型基于这样的假设，即双眼重建是一个困难的逆问题，其解决方案需要对可能的解释族施加先验约束。在该模型中，双眼视差用于校正单眼重建的形状。新模型在与心理物理学实验中使用的相同形状上进行了测试。该模型产生的重建结果比不使用约束的模型产生的重建结果可靠得多。有趣的是，该模型产生的单眼（而非双眼）重建结果与人类受试者的单眼和双眼表现都有很好的相关性。这一事实表明，人类视觉系统中形状的双眼和单眼重建涉及基于单眼形状约束的类似机制。
