Buchmueller Thomas C, Lo Sasso Anthony T, Lurie Ithai, Dolfin Sarah
Health Policy and Administration Division, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603 W. Taylor, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
Health Serv Res. 2007 Feb;42(1 Pt 1):286-310. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00600.x.
To investigate the factors underlying the lower rate of employer-sponsored health insurance coverage for foreign-born workers.
2001 Survey of Income and Program Participation.
We estimate probit regressions to determine the effect of immigrant status on employer-sponsored health insurance coverage, including the probabilities of working for a firm that offers coverage, being eligible for coverage, and taking up coverage.
We identified native born citizens, naturalized citizens, and noncitizen residents between the ages of 18 and 65, in the year 2002.
First, we find that the large difference in coverage rates for immigrants and native-born Americans is driven by the very low rates of coverage for noncitizen immigrants. Differences between native-born and naturalized citizens are quite small and for some outcomes are statistically insignificant when we control for observable characteristics. Second, our results indicate that the gap between natives and noncitizens is explained mainly by differences in the probability of working for a firm that offers insurance. Conditional on working for such a firm, noncitizens are only slightly less likely to be eligible for coverage and, when eligible, are only slightly less likely to take up coverage. Third, roughly two-thirds of the native/noncitizen gap in coverage overall and in the probability of working for an insurance-providing employer is explained by characteristics of the individual and differences in the types of jobs they hold.
The substantially higher rate of uninsurance among immigrants is driven by the lower rate of health insurance offers by the employers of immigrants.
调查外国出生工人由雇主提供医疗保险的覆盖率较低的潜在因素。
2001年收入与项目参与调查。
我们估计概率回归，以确定移民身份对雇主提供的医疗保险覆盖率的影响，包括在提供保险的公司工作的概率、符合保险资格的概率以及接受保险的概率。
我们确定了2002年年龄在18岁至65岁之间的本土出生公民、入籍公民和非公民居民。
首先，我们发现移民和美国本土出生者在保险覆盖率上的巨大差异是由非公民移民的极低保险覆盖率驱动的。当我们控制可观察特征时，本土出生公民和入籍公民之间的差异相当小，并且在某些结果上在统计上不显著。其次，我们的结果表明，本土出生者和非公民之间的差距主要是由在提供保险的公司工作的概率差异所解释的。在为这样的公司工作的条件下，非公民符合保险资格的可能性仅略低，并且在符合资格时接受保险的可能性也仅略低。第三，总体保险覆盖率以及为提供保险的雇主工作的概率方面，本土出生者/非公民差距中大约三分之二是由个人特征以及他们所从事工作类型的差异所解释的。
移民中未参保率显著较高是由移民雇主提供医疗保险的比例较低所驱动的。
