Pallesen Ellen, Nielsen Claus Vinther, Drews Birgit Mammen
Region Midtjylland, Afdelingen for Folkesundhed, Socialmedicinsk Enhed.
Ugeskr Laeger. 2007 Feb 26;169(9):816-9.
The aim of the study was to examine sickness absence and risk factors for sickness absence in a population of greenhouse gardeners in the county of Arhus.
The study was cross sectional and based on data from questionnaires sent to all employees and greenhouse gardens in the county.
Greenhouse gardeners had an average of four days of sickness absence a year. Self-rated health was poorer than average of the Danish population in general. Female gender, age below 40 years, troublesome relationships to family and friends, "poor" physical working environment and job insecurity were all predictors for increased risk of sickness absence lasting more than two weeks a year.
Sickness absence was low compared to the average of the Danish labour market. Considering poorer self-rated health and frequent occurrence of some of the above-mentioned predictors for increased risk of sickness absence--female gender, age below 40 years and for women, high exposure to "poor" physical working environment--an average sickness absence of only four days was a puzzle. The data from the study were not sufficient to explain this paradox. It might be due to compensating factors at work or at a personal level. It might be due to information bias, as sickness absence could be underestimated, but agreement between reported sickness absence from employees and greenhouse gardens diminished that probability. It might have been a consequence of selection bias, the "healthy workers'" effect. Employees with considerable sickness absence might have been dismissed for long-term absence or might have quit the job because they were not able to cope with it.
本研究的目的是调查奥胡斯郡温室园艺工人的病假情况及病假的风险因素。
本研究为横断面研究，基于向该郡所有员工和温室园艺场发放的调查问卷数据。
温室园艺工人平均每年有4天病假。自我评估的健康状况比丹麦总体人口的平均水平差。女性、40岁以下、与家人和朋友关系困扰、“恶劣”的身体工作环境以及工作不安全感都是每年病假持续超过两周风险增加的预测因素。
与丹麦劳动力市场的平均水平相比，病假率较低。考虑到自我评估的健康状况较差以及上述一些增加病假风险的预测因素频繁出现——女性、40岁以下以及对女性而言，高度暴露于“恶劣”的身体工作环境——平均每年仅4天的病假是一个谜题。该研究的数据不足以解释这一矛盾现象。这可能是由于工作或个人层面的补偿因素。这可能是由于信息偏差，因为病假可能被低估，但员工报告的病假情况与温室园艺场之间的一致性降低了这种可能性。这可能是选择偏差即“健康工人”效应的结果。病假较多的员工可能因长期缺勤而被解雇，或者可能因为无法应对工作而辞职。
