Lund Thomas, Christensen Karl Bang, Vaez Marjan, Labriola Merete, Josephson Malin, Villadsen Ebbe, Voss Margaretha
The Danish National Centre for Social Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Eur J Public Health. 2009 Jun;19(3):343-9. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckn128. Epub 2008 Dec 19.
To investigate potential differences in sickness absence among public sector employees in Sweden and Denmark, and to what extent a difference was associated with age, gender, physical and psychosocial work environment exposures, lifestyle factors, self-rated health or work ability.
In 2000, two cross-sectional samples of 8562 public sector employees in Sweden and Denmark were surveyed. The study outcome, self-reported number of sick-leave days the year preceding interview, was dichotomized into 7 days or less, and more than 7 days. Chi square test was used to analyse distribution of dependent and independent variables in the two sub-cohorts. Stratified logistic regression analysis was performed to identify causes for absence within the two sub-cohorts, and logistic regression analysis was performed to study differences in sickness absence levels between the two sub-cohorts.
More subjects from the Swedish study population reported more than 7 days of sickness absence. Factors associated with sickness absence were largely similar in the two countries. The difference in absence level between Sweden and Denmark was not associated with differences in age, gender, skill level, lifestyle, psychosocial or physical work environment, musculoskeletal symptoms or self-rated health, whereas work ability score decreased the difference in sickness absence level.
The results could indicate an increased retention of employees with health problems in the Swedish labour market compared with the Danish labour market. A possible explanation for the differences in sickness absence ascertained in this study could be due to differences in the sickness insurance legislation.
调查瑞典和丹麦公共部门员工病假情况的潜在差异，以及这种差异在多大程度上与年龄、性别、身体和社会心理工作环境暴露、生活方式因素、自我评定健康状况或工作能力有关。
2000年，对瑞典和丹麦的8562名公共部门员工进行了两个横断面样本调查。研究结果为访谈前一年自我报告的病假天数，分为7天及以下和超过7天。采用卡方检验分析两个亚组中因变量和自变量的分布。进行分层逻辑回归分析以确定两个亚组中缺勤的原因，并进行逻辑回归分析以研究两个亚组之间病假水平的差异。
瑞典研究人群中更多的受试者报告病假超过7天。两国与病假相关的因素基本相似。瑞典和丹麦之间缺勤水平的差异与年龄、性别、技能水平、生活方式、社会心理或身体工作环境、肌肉骨骼症状或自我评定健康状况的差异无关，而工作能力得分缩小了病假水平的差异。
结果可能表明，与丹麦劳动力市场相比，瑞典劳动力市场中健康问题员工的留用率有所提高。本研究中确定的病假差异的一个可能解释可能是病假保险立法的差异。
