Steinhausen H-C, Blattmann B, Pfund F
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Eur Addict Res. 2007;13(2):94-100. doi: 10.1159/000097939.
The developmental outcome of children born to Swiss substance-dependent mothers in a residential treatment program was studied in a sample of 61 children ranging from infancy to preadolescence (mean age = 5.10, SD = 3.10 years) by use of age-appropriate tests of intelligence. A large list of biological and psychosocial risk factors was tested for associations with outcome in the children. The mean profile of test findings across all age ranges was significantly lower than population norms and there was an excess of children with subnormal intellectual functioning. Performance IQ was associated negatively only with intrauterine substance exposure, but with none of the other risk factors. Among the various substances, predominantly heroin or methadone were responsible for this association when controls for nicotine or cannabis consumption were made. The study provides further evidence that intrauterine exposure to heroin and methadone negatively affects the developmental outcome in the offspring of substance-dependent mothers.
通过使用适合各年龄段的智力测试，对61名年龄从婴儿期到青春期前（平均年龄=5.10岁，标准差=3.10岁）的儿童样本进行了研究，这些儿童的母亲均为瑞士药物依赖者，她们参加了住院治疗项目。研究了大量生物和心理社会风险因素与儿童发育结果之间的关联。所有年龄组测试结果的平均概况显著低于总体标准，智力功能低于正常水平的儿童数量过多。操作智商仅与子宫内药物暴露呈负相关，与其他风险因素均无关联。在控制了尼古丁或大麻消费后，在各种药物中，主要是海洛因或美沙酮导致了这种关联。该研究进一步证明，子宫内暴露于海洛因和美沙酮会对药物依赖母亲的后代发育结果产生负面影响。
