Conroy David E, Coatsworth J Douglas
Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA.
J Pers. 2007 Apr;75(2):383-419. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2006.00443.x.
Cognitive-interpersonal and motivational mechanisms may regulate relations between youth perceptions of interpersonal aspects of the social ecology and their fear-of-failure (FF) levels. Youth (N=165) registered for a summer swim league rated their fear of failure at the beginning, middle, and end of the season. Extensive model comparisons indicated that youths' end-of-season ratings of coach behaviors could be reduced to three factors (affiliation, control, blame). Perceived control and blame from coaches predicted residualized change in corresponding aspects of youths' self-talk, but only changes in self-blame positively predicted changes in FF levels during the season. Perceived affiliation from coaches predicted autonomy need satisfaction which, in turn, negatively predicted the rate of change in FF levels during the season. These findings indicate that (a) youth perceptions of coaches were directly and indirectly related to acute socialization of FF and (b) both cognitive-interpersonal and motivational mechanisms contributed to this socialization process. Further research is needed to test for developmental differences in these mechanisms to determine whether findings generalize to more heterogeneous and at-risk populations and to investigate other potential social-ecological influences on socialization.
认知-人际和动机机制可能调节青少年对社会生态人际方面的认知与其失败恐惧（FF）水平之间的关系。报名参加夏季游泳联赛的青少年（N = 165）在赛季开始、中期和结束时对自己的失败恐惧进行了评分。广泛的模型比较表明，青少年对教练行为的赛季末评分可归结为三个因素（归属感、控制欲、责备）。教练的感知控制和责备预测了青少年自我对话相应方面的残差变化，但只有自我责备的变化正向预测了赛季中FF水平的变化。教练的感知归属感预测了自主需求的满足，而这反过来又负向预测了赛季中FF水平的变化率。这些发现表明：（a）青少年对教练的认知与FF的急性社会化直接和间接相关；（b）认知-人际和动机机制都促成了这一社会化过程。需要进一步研究以检验这些机制中的发展差异，以确定研究结果是否适用于更多样化和有风险的人群，并调查其他潜在的社会生态对社会化的影响。
