Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
J Sports Sci. 2012;30(15):1619-29. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2012.731517. Epub 2012 Oct 12.
This study entailed a longitudinal test of basic psychological needs theory, a sub-theory in the self-determination framework (Deci & Ryan, 2000), in young soccer players. We examined whether changes in soccer players' perceptions of the coaches' interpersonal style (autonomy supportive and controlling) predicted changes in the players' need satisfaction/need thwarting, and in turn, variability in their reported subjective vitality and burnout over the course of a season. Young male soccer players (M = 12.58 ± 0.54 years) completed a questionnaire at two time points in the season [n(T1) = 725; n(T2) = 597]. Changes in the players' perceptions of an autonomy supportive environment significantly predicted changes in psychological need satisfaction (positively) and in psychological need thwarting (negatively). Changes in psychological need satisfaction positively predicted changes in subjective vitality and negatively related to cross-time variation in global burnout scores. In contrast, changes in the players' perceptions of a controlling coach-created environment were positively associated with changes in psychological need thwarting that corresponded to increases in player burnout. Finally, results provided support for the assumed mediational roles of psychological need satisfaction and need thwarting in the social environment to well- and ill-being relationships.
本研究对基本心理需求理论（自我决定理论的一个子理论，Deci 和 Ryan，2000）进行了纵向测试，该理论适用于年轻足球运动员。我们考察了足球运动员对教练人际风格（支持自主性和控制性）的看法变化是否能够预测他们的需求满足/挫败感的变化，以及在赛季期间他们报告的主观活力和倦怠的变化。年轻男性足球运动员（M=12.58±0.54 岁）在赛季中的两个时间点完成了一份问卷 [n(T1)=725;n(T2)=597]。运动员对自主支持环境的看法变化显著预测了心理需求满足感（正向）和挫败感（负向）的变化。心理需求满足感的变化正向预测了主观活力的变化，负向与整体倦怠得分的跨时间变化相关。相比之下，运动员对控制型教练创造环境的看法变化与心理需求挫败感的变化呈正相关，而这种变化与球员的倦怠感增加相对应。最后，研究结果为社会环境中的心理需求满足感和挫败感在身心健康关系中的中介作用提供了支持。
