Wong E H, Bridges L J
Department of Psychology, California State University, San Bernardino 92407, USA.
Adolescence. 1995 Summer;30(118):437-52.
This project was an attempt to test a model of motivational orientation in the youth sport setting. Although previous developmental work in this area had examined a number of intra- and interpersonal variables thought to influence children's motivational orientation, few studies have tested an integrated model. Questionnaires assessing perceived competence, perceived control, competitive trait anxiety, and motivational orientation were completed by 108 boys. Additionally, 12 coaches were observed for two games in order to record coaching behaviors during competition. The model tested demonstrated an excellent fit of data. In particular, the model showed that both coaching behaviors and children's trait anxiety causally influenced perception of control. Moreover, perceived control causally determined both perceived competence and motivational orientation. Lastly, the influence of coaching behavior and trait anxiety on perceived competence were mediated by perceived control. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.
本项目旨在测试青少年体育环境中的动机取向模型。尽管此前该领域的发展性研究已考察了一些被认为会影响儿童动机取向的内部和人际变量，但很少有研究测试过综合模型。108名男孩完成了评估感知能力、感知控制、竞争特质焦虑和动机取向的问卷。此外，观察了12名教练的两场比赛，以记录比赛期间的教练行为。所测试的模型显示出数据的极佳拟合度。具体而言，该模型表明教练行为和儿童特质焦虑均对控制感有因果影响。此外，感知控制因果性地决定了感知能力和动机取向。最后，教练行为和特质焦虑对感知能力的影响是通过感知控制来介导的。文中讨论了对未来研究的启示和建议。
