Dagenais P A, Critz-Crosby P
University of Alabama, Birmingham.
J Speech Hear Res. 1992 Feb;35(1):35-44. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3501.35.
Glossometric measures of tongue positions of 10 normal-hearing (NH) and 10 profoundly hearing-impaired (HI) children were compared during production of the eight vowels /i,I,E,ae,u,U,o,a/. The NH subjects used tongue positions with distinct vertical distances from the hard palate and discrete tongue shapes to distinguish the front vowels and the back vowels. The HI subjects produced vowels using a reduced vertical range and singular flat, high-back tongue shape. Token-to-token variability was greater for the HI subjects. Listener identifications of the vowels produced by the HI subjects fell in three categories: highly variable responses to /i/, low vowels for /I,E,ae,a/, and back vowels for /u,U,o/. The centralized, generally undifferentiated tongue positions and listener identifications for the HI subjects coincided with suppositions made from previous perceptual, acoustic, and physiologic findings.
在10名听力正常（NH）儿童和10名极重度听力障碍（HI）儿童发八个元音/i,ɪ,e,æ,u,ʊ,o,ɑ/时，对他们舌位的舌面测量结果进行了比较。听力正常的受试者使用与硬腭有不同垂直距离的舌位以及不同的舌形来区分前元音和后元音。听力障碍的受试者发元音时垂直范围缩小且舌形单一、扁平、后高。听力障碍的受试者发音变体间的差异更大。听众对听力障碍受试者所发元音的识别分为三类：对/i/反应高度可变，对/ɪ,e,æ,ɑ/识别为低元音，对/u,ʊ,o/识别为后元音。听力障碍受试者集中化、通常无差异的舌位以及听众的识别结果与先前感知、声学和生理学研究结果的推测一致。
