Jones L R, Wilson C I, Wadden T A
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007 May;81(5):776-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100155. Epub 2007 Mar 14.
As many as two-thirds of adults in developed nations are overweight (body mass index (BMI)=25.0-29.9 kg/m2) or obese (BMI>or=30 kg/m2), and many of these individuals suffer from weight-related comorbidities such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type II diabetes. On a more positive note, recent studies have demonstrated that losses as small as 5-10% of initial weight can improve these health complications. For example, the Diabetes Prevention Program demonstrated that a 7% reduction in initial weight, coupled with 150 min/week of physical activity, reduced the risk of developing type II diabetes by 58% compared with placebo. Behavioral treatment consistently induces weight losses in this range. This paper describes the behavioral treatment of obesity, including its short- and long-term results as well as approaches for improving the maintenance of lost weight. The terms "behavioral treatment," "lifestyle modification," and "behavioral weight control" are often used interchangeably, as they are in this paper. Lifestyle modification includes three principal components: diet, physical activity, and behavior therapy. The latter term, as applied to weight control, refers to a set of principles and techniques to help patients adopt new diet and exercise habits that can be sustained long term to promote health.
在发达国家，多达三分之二的成年人超重（体重指数（BMI）=25.0-29.9千克/平方米）或肥胖（BMI≥30千克/平方米），其中许多人患有与体重相关的合并症，如高血压、高脂血症和II型糖尿病。从更积极的方面来看，最近的研究表明，初始体重仅减轻5%-10%就能改善这些健康问题。例如，糖尿病预防计划表明，初始体重减轻7%，再加上每周150分钟的体育活动，与安慰剂相比，患II型糖尿病的风险降低了58%。行为治疗始终能带来这个范围内的体重减轻。本文描述了肥胖的行为治疗，包括其短期和长期效果以及改善维持体重减轻的方法。“行为治疗”“生活方式改变”和“行为体重控制”这些术语经常互换使用，本文也是如此。生活方式改变包括三个主要组成部分：饮食、体育活动和行为疗法。后一个术语应用于体重控制时，指的是一套原则和技术，以帮助患者养成能够长期维持以促进健康的新饮食和运动习惯。
