Jardim Thiago Veiga, Sousa Ana Luiza Lima, Povoa Thais Rolim, Barroso Weimar Sebba, Chinem Brunela, Jardim Paulo Cesar Veiga
Liga de Hipertensão Arterial, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
Faculdade de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil.
Arq Bras Cardiol. 2014 Dec;103(6):493-501. doi: 10.5935/abc.20140150. Epub 2014 Oct 10.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Knowledge about cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) in young adults and their modification over time are measures that change the risks and prevent CVDs.
To determine the presence of CVRFs and their changes in different health care professionals over a period of 20 years.
All students of medicine, nursing, nutrition, odontology, and pharmacy departments of Federal University of Goiás who agreed to participate in this study were evaluated when they started their degree courses and 20 years afterward. Questionnaires on CVRFs [systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and family history of early CVD, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sedentarism] were administered. Cholesterol levels, blood sugar levels, blood pressure, weight, height, and body mass index were determined. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate distribution, the chi-square test was used to compare different courses and sexes, and the McNemar test was used for comparing CVRFs. The significance level was set at a p value of < 0.05.
The first stage of the study included 281 individuals (91% of all the students), of which 62.9% were women; the mean age was 19.7 years. In the second stage, 215 subjects were reassessed (76% of the initial sample), of which 59.07% were women; the mean age was 39.8 years. The sample mostly consisted of medical students (with a predominance of men), followed by nursing, nutrition, and pharmacy students, with a predominance of women (p < 0.05). Excessive weight gain, SAH, and dyslipidemia were observed among physicians and dentists (p < 0.05). Excessive weight gain and SAH and a reduction in sedentarism (p < 0.05) were observed among pharmacists. Among nurses there was an increase in excessive weight and alcohol consumption (p < 0.05). Finally, nutritionists showed an increase in dyslipidemia (p < 0.05).
In general, there was an unfavorable progression of CVRFs in the population under study, despite it having adequate specialized knowledge about these risk factors.
心血管疾病（CVDs）是全球主要的死亡原因。了解年轻成年人的心血管危险因素（CVRFs）及其随时间的变化是改变风险和预防心血管疾病的措施。
确定20年间不同医疗保健专业人员中CVRFs的存在情况及其变化。
戈亚斯联邦大学医学、护理、营养、牙科学和药学系所有同意参与本研究的学生在开始学位课程时和20年后接受评估。发放关于CVRFs的问卷[系统性动脉高血压（SAH）、糖尿病、血脂异常、早期心血管疾病家族史、吸烟、饮酒和久坐不动]。测定胆固醇水平、血糖水平、血压、体重、身高和体重指数。使用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验评估分布情况，使用卡方检验比较不同课程和性别，使用McNemar检验比较CVRFs。显著性水平设定为p值<0.05。
研究的第一阶段包括281名个体（占所有学生的91%），其中62.9%为女性；平均年龄为19.7岁。在第二阶段，对215名受试者进行了重新评估（占初始样本的76%），其中59.07%为女性；平均年龄为39.8岁。样本主要由医学生组成（男性占主导），其次是护理、营养和药学专业学生，女性占主导（p<0.05）。在医生和牙医中观察到体重过度增加、SAH和血脂异常（p<0.05）。在药剂师中观察到体重过度增加和SAH以及久坐不动情况减少（p<0.05）。在护士中，超重和饮酒增加（p<0.05）。最后，营养学家的血脂异常增加（p<0.05）。
总体而言，尽管研究人群对这些危险因素有足够的专业知识，但CVRFs的进展情况并不乐观。
