Hwang Eun-Sun, Bowen Phyllis E
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago. Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2007;47(1):27-50. doi: 10.1080/10408390600550299.
Free radicals and other reactive oxygen or nitrogen species are constantly generated in vivo and can cause oxidative damage to DNA. This damage has been implicated to be important in many diseases, including cancer. The assessment of damage in various biological matrices, such as tissues, cells, and urine, is vital to understanding this role and subsequently devising intervention strategies. During the last 20 years, many analytical techniques have been developed to monitor oxidative DNA base damage. High-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are the two pioneering contributions to the field. Currently, the arsenal of methods available include the promising high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique, capillary electrophoresis, 32P-postlabeling, antibody-base immunoassays, and assays involving the use of DNA repair glycosylases such as the comet assay. The objective of this review is to discuss the biological significance of oxidative DNA damage, evaluate the effectiveness of several techniques for measurement of oxidative DNA damage in various biological samples and review current research on factors (dietary and non-dietary) that influence DNA oxidative damage using these techniques.
自由基以及其他活性氧或氮物种在体内不断产生，并可导致DNA的氧化损伤。这种损伤在包括癌症在内的许多疾病中被认为具有重要意义。评估各种生物基质（如组织、细胞和尿液）中的损伤对于理解这一作用以及随后制定干预策略至关重要。在过去20年中，已经开发了许多分析技术来监测氧化性DNA碱基损伤。高效液相色谱 - 电化学检测和气相色谱 - 质谱是该领域的两项开创性贡献。目前，可用的方法包括有前景的高效液相色谱 - 串联质谱技术、毛细管电泳、32P后标记法、抗体 - 碱基免疫测定法以及涉及使用DNA修复糖基化酶的测定法，如彗星试验。本综述的目的是讨论氧化性DNA损伤的生物学意义，评估几种用于测量各种生物样品中氧化性DNA损伤的技术的有效性，并综述目前使用这些技术对影响DNA氧化损伤的因素（饮食和非饮食因素）的研究。
