Staiger Petra K, Kambouropoulos Nicolas, Dawe Sharon
School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2007 Jan;26(1):17-23. doi: 10.1080/09595230601036952.
The interplay between stable personality characteristics and environmental factors is emphasised in most contemporary approaches to individual differences. This interaction appears to be important in understanding the development of substance use and misuse. Impulsivity related personality traits such as sensation-seeking, novelty seeking, reward-sensitivity and behavioural disinhibition, are strongly linked to adolescent and adult substance use and misuse. The role of anxiety-related traits, in the development of substance misuse is less clear. Nonetheless, anxiety disorders are very common amongst adult substance misusers and almost certainly play a critical role in the maintenance of a substance use disorder and influence treatment effectiveness. The data suggest that personality influences treatment outcomes and yet these individual differences are generally not addressed in treatment. We argue in this review that interventions which are matched to these relevant personality traits may improve treatment outcomes for substance misusers.
在大多数当代关于个体差异的研究方法中，稳定的人格特征与环境因素之间的相互作用受到了强调。这种相互作用在理解物质使用和滥用的发展过程中似乎很重要。与冲动性相关的人格特质，如寻求刺激、追求新奇、奖励敏感性和行为抑制解除，与青少年和成人的物质使用和滥用密切相关。与焦虑相关的特质在物质滥用发展中的作用尚不清楚。尽管如此，焦虑症在成年物质滥用者中非常普遍，几乎可以肯定在维持物质使用障碍以及影响治疗效果方面起着关键作用。数据表明人格会影响治疗结果，但这些个体差异在治疗中通常未得到解决。在本综述中，我们认为与这些相关人格特质相匹配的干预措施可能会改善物质滥用者的治疗效果。
