Duffy E, Gibney M J
Nutrition Unit, Division of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Trinity College School of Medicine, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
Food Addit Contam. 2007 Feb;24(2):216-25. doi: 10.1080/02652030600977833.
There is no set protocol for completing refined exposure assessments of food-packaging migrants in the European Union. One novel method that could be used to provide more realistic exposure assessments and also reduce uncertainty in the exposure estimation could be the use of food consumption surveys that also have packaging information. The aim of the current study was to estimate exposure to two food-packaging migrants (expoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) and styrene monomer) using a food-consumption database that collected packaging information. The Irish National Children's Food Survey (NCFS) was completed in 2003-04 and it collected information on the type and amount of food consumed by 594 Irish children aged 5-12 years, in addition to the type of packaging used for these foods. The Irish Food Packaging Database (IFPD) was completed in parallel to this food consumption survey and recorded exact information on the contact layer used for the packaging. In a database that combined information from the NCFS and the IFPD, the packaging materials that could contain the target migrants were identified. If a food was packaged in a material that could contain the migrant, it was assumed that the migrant was present in the food. For the exposure assessment of ESBO the 90th percentile migration values of ESBO in foods derived from the literature were used. This was similar to a method as used by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in their exposure assessment of ESBO for adults. Two scenarios of styrene exposure were undertaken in this study. In the first scenario the 90th percentile migration value for styrene found in foods was used; in the second scenario the maximum level of styrene found in foods was used. These migration values were derived from the literature. The mean intake of ESBO for Irish children was 0.023 mg kg-1 body weight day-1, which is well below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 1 mg kg-1 body weight day-1 set by the Scientific Committee for Food (SCF) in 1999. The food group that contributed most to ESBO intake was tomato sauces packed in glass jars with polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-lined metal lids (46.8%). For styrene, the mean intake was 0.122 microg kg-1 body weight day-1 when using the 90th percentile migration values and 0.169 microg kg-1 body weight day-1 when using the maximum migration values. These estimated intakes are below the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) of 40 microg kg-1 body weight day-1, which was established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) in 1984. Therefore, the estimated intakes of the two migrants are not of concern for Irish Children and uncertainty is reduced in the assessment due to the fact that information is available on the type of foods consumed the type of packaging used for these foods.
在欧盟，目前尚无完成食品包装迁移物精确暴露评估的既定方案。一种可用于提供更现实的暴露评估并减少暴露估计不确定性的新方法，可能是使用包含包装信息的食品消费调查。本研究的目的是利用一个收集了包装信息的食品消费数据库，估计两种食品包装迁移物（环氧大豆油（ESBO）和苯乙烯单体）的暴露量。爱尔兰全国儿童食品调查（NCFS）于2003 - 2004年完成，该调查收集了594名5至12岁爱尔兰儿童所消费食品的类型和数量信息，以及这些食品所用包装的类型。爱尔兰食品包装数据库（IFPD）与该食品消费调查同步完成，并记录了用于包装的接触层的确切信息。在一个整合了NCFS和IFPD信息的数据库中，识别出可能含有目标迁移物的包装材料。如果一种食品用可能含有迁移物的材料包装，那么就假定该迁移物存在于食品中。对于ESBO的暴露评估，使用了文献中ESBO在食品中的第90百分位数迁移值。这类似于欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）在其对成年人ESBO暴露评估中所使用的方法。本研究进行了两种苯乙烯暴露情景分析。在第一种情景中，使用了食品中苯乙烯的第90百分位数迁移值；在第二种情景中，使用了食品中苯乙烯的最高含量值。这些迁移值均来自文献。爱尔兰儿童ESBO的平均摄入量为0.023毫克/千克体重·天，远低于食品科学委员会（SCF）在1999年设定的1毫克/千克体重·天的每日耐受摄入量（TDI）。对ESBO摄入量贡献最大的食物类别是装在带有聚氯乙烯（PVC）衬里金属盖的玻璃罐中的番茄酱（46.8%）。对于苯乙烯，使用第90百分位数迁移值时平均摄入量为0.122微克/千克体重·天，使用最大迁移值时为0.169微克/千克体重·天。这些估计摄入量低于联合国粮食及农业组织/世界卫生组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会（JECFA）在1984年确定的40微克/千克体重·天的暂定每日最大耐受摄入量（PMTDI）。因此，这两种迁移物的估计摄入量对爱尔兰儿童而言并无担忧之处，并且由于掌握了所消费食品的类型以及这些食品所用包装的类型信息，评估中的不确定性有所降低。
