Edwards Albert O, Malek Goldis
Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Angiogenesis. 2007;10(2):119-32. doi: 10.1007/s10456-007-9064-2. Epub 2007 Mar 13.
During the past few years systematic investigation into the epidemiology, genetics, and pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has provided important new insight into this leading cause of vision loss in older persons. These studies provide a view of AMD as a complex trait influenced by well-established genetic and environmental risks that leads to the deposition of inflammatory deposits in the outer retina. This maculopathy leads to visual dysfunction through a variety of mechanisms and complications that can be observed in both humans and animal models. In this review, the risks associated with AMD in humans and the animal models used to study AMD and its complications will be summarized. No effort has been made to perform a comprehensive citation of all areas of AMD genetics and animal models, but rather a selection of observations and supporting references illustrative of the current state of the field is presented.
在过去几年中，对年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的流行病学、遗传学和病理生理学进行的系统研究，为这种导致老年人视力丧失的主要原因提供了重要的新见解。这些研究表明，AMD是一种复杂性状，受既定的遗传和环境风险影响，会导致炎症沉积物在外视网膜沉积。这种黄斑病变通过多种机制和并发症导致视觉功能障碍，在人类和动物模型中均可观察到。在本综述中，将总结与人类AMD相关的风险以及用于研究AMD及其并发症的动物模型。本文并非试图全面引用AMD遗传学和动物模型所有领域的文献，而是呈现一系列观察结果和支持性参考文献，以说明该领域的当前状况。
