Klein Ronald
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2007 Jul-Aug;14(4):184-7. doi: 10.1080/09286580701344381.
To provide an over-view of progress in the epidemiology of age-related macular degeneration.
Review of epidemiological and clinical trial findings regarding AMD since initial National Eye Institute sponsored epidemiology meeting in 1982.
A growing number new epidemiological studies have provided data on the prevalence and long-term incidence of AMD. Despite a similar prevalence of early AMD in whites, blacks, and hispanics, whites have higher prevalence of late AMD. An age-period cohort effect has been shown in the Beaver Dam Eye Study suggesting that AMD incidence may be declining among younger birth cohorts. Genetic factors such as complement factor H have been shown to be strongly associated with AMD. Smoking is strongly related to risk of AMD. Randomized controlled clinical trials have shown the benefits of zinc-antioxidant supplementation in preventing visual loss in persons with signs of early AMD and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents in restoring vision in eyes with neovascular AMD.
Despite remarkable progress in understanding AMD, many questions remain that can only be addressed by continuation of longitudinal population-based studies.
概述年龄相关性黄斑变性的流行病学进展。
回顾自1982年美国国立眼科研究所首次主办流行病学会议以来有关年龄相关性黄斑变性的流行病学和临床试验结果。
越来越多的新流行病学研究提供了年龄相关性黄斑变性患病率和长期发病率的数据。尽管白人、黑人和西班牙裔中早期年龄相关性黄斑变性的患病率相似，但白人晚期年龄相关性黄斑变性的患病率更高。比弗迪尔姆眼病研究显示了年龄-时期队列效应，表明在较年轻的出生队列中年龄相关性黄斑变性的发病率可能在下降。已证明补体因子H等遗传因素与年龄相关性黄斑变性密切相关。吸烟与年龄相关性黄斑变性的风险密切相关。随机对照临床试验表明，补充锌抗氧化剂对预防有早期年龄相关性黄斑变性体征者的视力丧失有益，而抗血管内皮生长因子药物对恢复新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性患者的视力有益。
尽管在了解年龄相关性黄斑变性方面取得了显著进展，但仍有许多问题，只有通过继续开展基于人群的纵向研究才能解决。
