Thierry-Chef I, Marshall M, Fix J J, Bermann F, Gilbert E S, Hacker C, Heinmiller B, Murray W, Pearce M S, Utterback D, Bernar K, Deboodt P, Eklof M, Griciene B, Holan K, Hyvonen H, Kerekes A, Lee M-C, Moser M, Pernicka F, Cardis E
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
Radiat Res. 2007 Apr;167(4):380-95. doi: 10.1667/RR0552.1.
To provide direct estimates of cancer risk after low-dose protracted exposure to ionizing radiation, a large-scale epidemiological study of nuclear industry workers was conducted in 15 countries. As part of this study, identification and quantification of errors in historical recorded doses was conducted based on a review of dosimetric practices and technologies in participating facilities. The main sources of errors on doses from "high-energy" photons (100-3000 keV) were identified as the response of dosimeters in workplace exposure conditions and historical calibration practices. Errors related to dosimetry technology and radiation fields were quantified to derive period- and facility-specific estimates of bias and uncertainties in recorded doses. This was based on (1) an evaluation of predominant workplace radiation from measurement studies and dosimetry expert assessment and (2) an estimation of the energy and geometry response of dosimeters used historically in study facilities. Coefficients were derived to convert recorded doses to H(p) (10) and organ dose, taking into account different aspects of the calibration procedures. A parametric, lognormal error structure model was developed to describe errors in doses as a function of facility and time period. Doses from other radiation types, particularly neutrons and radionuclide intake, could not be adequately reconstructed in the framework of the 15-Country Study. Workers with substantial doses from these radiation types were therefore identified and excluded from analyses. Doses from "lower-energy" photons (<100 keV) and from "higher-energy" photons (>3 MeV) were estimated to be small.
为了直接估计低剂量长期暴露于电离辐射后的癌症风险，在15个国家对核工业工人进行了大规模的流行病学研究。作为该研究的一部分，基于对参与设施的剂量测定实践和技术的审查，对历史记录剂量中的误差进行了识别和量化。“高能”光子（100 - 3000 keV）剂量的主要误差来源被确定为剂量计在工作场所暴露条件下的响应以及历史校准实践。对与剂量测定技术和辐射场相关的误差进行了量化，以得出特定时期和设施的记录剂量偏差和不确定性估计值。这基于：（1）根据测量研究和剂量测定专家评估对主要工作场所辐射进行的评估；（2）对研究设施历史上使用的剂量计的能量和几何响应的估计。考虑到校准程序的不同方面，得出了将记录剂量转换为H(p)(10)和器官剂量的系数。开发了一个参数化的对数正态误差结构模型，以描述剂量误差作为设施和时间段的函数。在15国研究的框架内，无法充分重建来自其他辐射类型的剂量，特别是中子和放射性核素摄入量。因此，识别出了来自这些辐射类型且剂量较大的工人，并将其排除在分析之外。估计来自“低能”光子（<100 keV）和“高能”光子（>3 MeV）的剂量很小。
