Gaby Alan R
Altern Med Rev. 2007 Mar;12(1):9-24.
This article reviews research on the use of diet, nutritional supplements, and hormones in the treatment of epilepsy. Potentially beneficial dietary interventions include identifying and treating blood glucose dysregulation, identifying and avoiding allergenic foods, and avoiding suspected triggering agents such as alcohol, aspartame, and monosodium glutamate. The ketogenic diet may be considered for severe, treatment-resistant cases. The Atkins diet (very low in carbohydrates) is a less restrictive type of ketogenic diet that may be effective in some cases. Nutrients that may reduce seizure frequency include vitamin B6, magnesium, vitamin E, manganese, taurine, dimethylglycine, and omega-3 fatty acids. Administration of thiamine may improve cognitive function in patients with epilepsy. Supplementation with folic acid, vitamin B6, biotin, vitamin D, and L-carnitine may be needed to prevent or treat deficiencies resulting from the use of anticonvulsant drugs. Vitamin K1 has been recommended near the end of pregnancy for women taking anticonvulsants. Melatonin may reduce seizure frequency in some cases, and progesterone may be useful for women with cyclic exacerbations of seizures. In most cases, nutritional therapy is not a substitute for anticonvulsant medications. However, in selected cases, depending on the effectiveness of the interventions, dosage reductions or discontinuation of medications may be possible.
本文综述了饮食、营养补充剂和激素在癫痫治疗中的应用研究。潜在有益的饮食干预措施包括识别和治疗血糖失调、识别和避免致敏食物，以及避免疑似触发因素，如酒精、阿斯巴甜和味精。对于严重的难治性病例，可考虑采用生酮饮食。阿特金斯饮食（碳水化合物含量极低）是一种限制较少的生酮饮食，在某些情况下可能有效。可能降低癫痫发作频率的营养素包括维生素B6、镁、维生素E、锰、牛磺酸、二甲基甘氨酸和ω-3脂肪酸。给予硫胺素可能改善癫痫患者的认知功能。可能需要补充叶酸、维生素B6、生物素、维生素D和左旋肉碱，以预防或治疗使用抗惊厥药物引起的缺乏症。对于服用抗惊厥药物的女性，建议在妊娠晚期补充维生素K1。褪黑素在某些情况下可能降低癫痫发作频率，孕酮对癫痫发作呈周期性加重的女性可能有用。在大多数情况下，营养治疗不能替代抗惊厥药物。然而，在某些特定情况下，根据干预措施的有效性，可能可以减少药物剂量或停药。
