Barnhofer Thorsten, Crane Catherine, Spinhoven Philip, Williams J Mark G
Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK.
Behav Res Ther. 2007 Aug;45(8):1859-69. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2007.02.006. Epub 2007 Mar 4.
Failures to retrieve specific memories have been related to general tendencies to commit errors in executive functioning tasks, raising the question of whether they are simply a reflection of randomly occurring lapses in cognitive control or whether their occurrence is in any way related to memory content. This study investigated the relation between failures to retrieve specific autobiographical memories and dysfunctional attitudes in individuals at risk for depression and controls. Sixteen previously depressed and 19 never-depressed participants were assessed for dysfunctional attitudes regarding "need for approval" and "performance evaluation". One week later, they were asked to generate specific memories following dependency- and achievement-related cue words, both under single and dual task conditions. In previously depressed participants, dysfunctional attitudes regarding "need for approval" significantly predicted specificity for dependency-related events under dual task conditions. The findings provide qualified support for a role of content and demonstrate how, in previously depressed individuals, content effects can surface when cognitive control is undermined.
无法提取特定记忆与在执行功能任务中犯错误的一般倾向有关，这就引发了一个问题：它们仅仅是认知控制中随机出现失误的反映，还是其出现与记忆内容有某种关联。本研究调查了有抑郁风险个体及对照组中无法提取特定自传体记忆与功能失调态度之间的关系。对16名曾患抑郁症和19名从未患抑郁症的参与者进行了关于“需要认可”和“绩效评估”的功能失调态度评估。一周后，要求他们在单任务和双任务条件下，根据与依赖和成就相关的提示词生成特定记忆。在曾患抑郁症的参与者中，关于“需要认可”的功能失调态度在双任务条件下显著预测了与依赖相关事件的特异性。这些发现为内容的作用提供了有限的支持，并证明了在曾患抑郁症的个体中，当认知控制受到破坏时，内容效应是如何显现的。
