Brennan Kate, Barnhofer Thorsten, Crane Catherine, Duggan Danielle, Williams J Mark G
Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2015 May;124(2):246-55. doi: 10.1037/abn0000027. Epub 2015 Feb 2.
In previously depressed individuals, reflective thinking may easily get derailed and lead to detrimental effects. This study investigated the conditions in which such thinking is, or is not, adaptive. Levels of mindfulness and autobiographical memory specificity were assessed as potential moderators of the relationship between reflective thinking and depressive symptoms. Two hundred seventy-four individuals with a history of three or more previous episodes of depression completed self-report measures of depressive symptoms, rumination-including subscales for reflection and brooding-and mindfulness, as well as an autobiographical memory task to assess memory specificity. In those low in both mindfulness and memory specificity, higher levels of reflection were related to more depressive symptoms, whereas in all other groups higher levels of reflection were related to fewer depressive symptoms. The results demonstrate that the relation between reflective pondering and depressive symptoms varies depending on individual state or trait factors. In previously depressed individuals, the cognitive problem-solving aspect of reflection may be easily hampered when tendencies toward unspecific processing are increased, and awareness of mental processes such as self-judgment and reactivity is decreased.
在既往有过抑郁发作的个体中，反思性思维可能很容易偏离正轨并产生有害影响。本研究调查了这种思维在何种情况下具有适应性或不具有适应性。正念水平和自传体记忆特异性被评估为反思性思维与抑郁症状之间关系的潜在调节因素。274名有过三次或更多次既往抑郁发作史的个体完成了抑郁症状、反刍（包括反思和沉思子量表）和正念的自我报告测量，以及一项自传体记忆任务以评估记忆特异性。在正念和记忆特异性均较低的个体中，较高水平的反思与更多的抑郁症状相关，而在所有其他组中，较高水平的反思与较少的抑郁症状相关。结果表明，反思性思考与抑郁症状之间的关系因个体状态或特质因素而异。在既往有过抑郁发作的个体中，当非特异性加工倾向增加且自我判断和反应性等心理过程的意识降低时，反思的认知问题解决方面可能很容易受到阻碍。
