Alario F-Xavier, De Cara Bruno, Ziegler Johannes C
Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, CNRS UMR 6146, Université de Provence, 13331 Marseille Cedex 3, France.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2007 Jul;97(3):205-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2007.02.001. Epub 2007 Mar 30.
The picture-word interference paradigm was used to shed new light on the debate concerning slow serial versus fast parallel activation of phonology in silent reading. Prereaders, beginning readers (Grades 1-4), and adults named pictures that had words printed on them. Words and pictures shared phonology either at the beginnings of words (e.g., DOLL-DOG) or at the ends of words (e.g., FOG-DOG). The results showed that phonological overlap between primes and targets facilitated picture naming. This facilitatory effect was present even in beginning readers. More important, from Grade 1 onward, end-related facilitation always was as strong as beginning-related facilitation. This result suggests that, from the beginning of reading, the implicit and automatic activation of phonological codes during silent reading is not serial but rather parallel.
图片-单词干扰范式被用于为关于默读中语音的慢速序列激活与快速并行激活的争论提供新的线索。学前儿童、初读者（1-4年级）和成年人对上面印有单词的图片进行命名。单词和图片在单词开头（如DOLL-DOG）或单词结尾（如FOG-DOG）共享语音。结果表明，启动刺激与目标之间的语音重叠促进了图片命名。这种促进作用在初读者中也存在。更重要的是，从一年级开始，结尾相关的促进作用始终与开头相关的促进作用一样强烈。这一结果表明，从阅读开始，默读过程中语音编码的隐性和自动激活不是序列性的，而是并行的。
