Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, 3304 Benjamin Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2013 Aug;20(4):773-9. doi: 10.3758/s13423-013-0395-2.
Mandarin Chinese has a logographic script in which graphemes map onto syllables and morphemes. It is not clear whether Chinese readers activate phonological information during lexical access, although phonological information is not explicitly represented in Chinese orthography. In the present study, we examined the activation of phonological information, including segmental and tonal information in Chinese visual word recognition, using the Stroop paradigm. Native Mandarin speakers named the presentation color of Chinese characters in Mandarin. The visual stimuli were divided into five types: color characters (e.g., , hong2, "red"), homophones of the color characters (S+T+; e.g., , hong2, "flood"), different-tone homophones (S+T-; e.g., , hong1, "boom"), characters that shared the same tone but differed in segments with the color characters (S-T+; e.g., , ping2, "bottle"), and neutral characters (S-T-; e.g., , qian1, "leading through"). Classic Stroop facilitation was shown in all color-congruent trials, and interference was shown in the incongruent trials. Furthermore, the Stroop effect was stronger for S+T- than for S-T+ trials, and was similar between S+T+ and S+T- trials. These findings suggested that both tonal and segmental forms of information play roles in lexical constraints; however, segmental information has more weight than tonal information. We proposed a revised visual word recognition model in which the functions of both segmental and suprasegmental types of information and their relative weights are taken into account.
汉语是一种表意文字，其字符映射到音节和语素上。虽然汉语正字法中没有明确表示语音信息，但汉语读者在词汇获取过程中是否会激活语音信息尚不清楚。在本研究中，我们使用 Stroop 范式研究了汉语视觉词汇识别中语音信息（包括音节和声调信息）的激活。母语为普通话的人用普通话命名汉字的呈现颜色。视觉刺激分为五种类型：颜色字（如，红，“红”）、颜色字的同音词（S+T+；如，洪，“洪水”）、不同声调的同音词（S+T-；如，红，“繁荣”）、与颜色字具有相同声调但与颜色字不同的字（S-T+；如，平，“瓶”）和中性字（S-T-；如，钱，“领导”）。在所有颜色一致的试验中都显示出经典的 Stroop 促进作用，而在不一致的试验中则显示出干扰作用。此外，S+T-试验的 Stroop 效应比 S-T+试验强，而 S+T+试验和 S+T-试验的 Stroop 效应相似。这些发现表明，在词汇约束中，音调和音节形式的信息都发挥了作用；然而，音节信息比声调信息更重要。我们提出了一个修订后的视觉词汇识别模型，该模型考虑了音段和超音段类型信息的功能及其相对权重。
