Kashparov V, Colle C, Levchuk S, Yoschenko V, Zvarich S
Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology UIAR, Mashinostroiteley Strasse 7, Chabany, Kiev Region 08162, Ukraine.
J Environ Radioact. 2007;95(1):10-22. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.01.008. Epub 2007 Mar 30.
Long-term field experiments have been carried out in the Chernobyl exclusion zone in order to determine the parameters governing radiochlorine ((36)Cl) transfer to plants from four types of soil, namely, Podzoluvisol, Greyzem, Phaeozem and Chernozem. Radiochlorine concentration ratios (CR=concentration of (36)Cl in the fresh plant material divided by its concentration in the dried soil in the upper 20 cm layer) were obtained in green peas (2.6+/-0.4), onions (1.5+/-0.5), potatoes (8+/-1), clover (90+/-26) and ryegrass (158+/-88) hay, oat seeds (36+/-23) and straw (305+/-159), wheat seeds (35+/-10) and straw (222+/-82). These values correlate with the stable chlorine values for the same plants. It was shown that (36)Cl plant/soil CR in radish roots (CR=9.7+/-1.4) does not depend on the stable chlorine content in the soil (up to 150 mgkg(-1)), soil type and thus, that stable chlorine CR values (9.4+/-1.2) can also be used for (36)Cl. Injection of additional quantities of stable chlorine into the soil (100 mgkg(-1) of dry soil) with fertilizer does not change the soil-to-plant transfer of (36)Cl. The results from a batch experiment showed that chlorine is retained in the investigated soils only by live biota and transfers quickly (in just a few hours) into the soil solution from dry vegetation even without decomposition of dead plants and is integrated in the migration processes in soil.
为了确定控制放射性氯（³⁶Cl）从四种土壤类型（即灰化土、灰色森林土、黑土和黑钙土）转移到植物中的参数，在切尔诺贝利禁区进行了长期田间试验。获得了绿豌豆（2.6±0.4）、洋葱（1.5±0.5）、土豆（8±1）、三叶草（90±26）和黑麦草（158±88）干草、燕麦种子（36±23）和秸秆（305±159）、小麦种子（35±10）和秸秆（222±82）中的放射性氯浓度比（CR = 新鲜植物材料中³⁶Cl的浓度除以20厘米上层干燥土壤中其浓度）。这些值与相同植物的稳定氯值相关。结果表明，萝卜根中的³⁶Cl植物/土壤CR（CR = 9.7±1.4）不依赖于土壤中稳定氯的含量（高达150 mgkg⁻¹）、土壤类型，因此，稳定氯CR值（9.4±1.2）也可用于³⁶Cl。用肥料向土壤中注入额外数量的稳定氯（100 mgkg⁻¹干土）不会改变³⁶Cl从土壤到植物的转移。批量实验结果表明，氯仅通过活的生物群保留在被研究的土壤中，并且即使没有死植物的分解，也能在短短几个小时内从干燥植被快速转移到土壤溶液中，并融入土壤中的迁移过程。
