Williams Michael J
Umeå Centre for Molecular Pathogenesis, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
J Immunol. 2007 Apr 15;178(8):4711-6. doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.4711.
In Drosophila melanogaster larvae, three classes of circulating cellular immune surveillance cells (hemocytes) can be identified: plasmatocytes, crystal cells, and lamellocytes. Plasmatocytes are professional phagocytes most similar to the mammalian monocyte/macrophage lineage and make up approximately 95% of circulating hemocytes. The other approximately 5% of circulating hemocytes consists of crystal cells, which secrete components necessary for the melanization of invading organisms, as well as for wound repair. A third cell type known as lamellocytes are rarely seen in healthy larvae and are involved in the encapsulation of invading pathogens. There are no obvious mammalian counterparts for crystal cells or lamellocytes, and there is no equivalent to the lymphoid lineage in insects. In this review, I will discuss what is currently known about Drosophila hemopoiesis and the cellular immune response and where possible compare it to vertebrate mechanisms.
在黑腹果蝇幼虫中，可以识别出三类循环的细胞免疫监视细胞（血细胞）：浆细胞、晶细胞和片层细胞。浆细胞是专业的吞噬细胞，与哺乳动物的单核细胞/巨噬细胞谱系最为相似，约占循环血细胞的95%。另外约5%的循环血细胞由晶细胞组成，晶细胞分泌入侵生物体黑化以及伤口修复所需的成分。第三种细胞类型即片层细胞在健康幼虫中很少见，参与对入侵病原体的包囊化。晶细胞或片层细胞在哺乳动物中没有明显的对应物，昆虫中也没有与淋巴谱系相当的细胞。在这篇综述中，我将讨论目前关于果蝇造血和细胞免疫反应的已知信息，并尽可能将其与脊椎动物的机制进行比较。
